c# - 调用重写方法时如何强制执行方法调用（在基类中）？

Question

我有这种情况，当从ImplementClass调用AbstractMethod方法时，我想强制调用AbstractClass中的MustBeCalled方法。我以前从未遇到过这种情况。谢谢！

public abstract class AbstractClass
{
    public abstract void AbstractMethod();

    public void MustBeCalled()
    {
        //this must be called when AbstractMethod is invoked
    }
}

public class ImplementClass : AbstractClass
{
    public override void AbstractMethod()
    {
        //when called, base.MustBeCalled() must be called.
        //how can i enforce this?
    }
}

Answer 1

一种选择是让 Abstract 类以这种方式进行调用。否则，c#中没有办法要求继承的类以某种方式实现方法。

public abstract class AbstractClass
{
    public void PerformThisFunction()
    {
        MustBeCalled();
        AbstractMethod();
    }

    public void MustBeCalled()
    {
        //this must be called when AbstractMethod is invoked
    }

    //could also be public if desired
    protected abstract void AbstractMethod();
}

public class ImplementClass : AbstractClass
{
    protected override void AbstractMethod()
    {
        //when called, base.MustBeCalled() must be called.
        //how can i enforce this?
    }
}

这样做会在抽象类中创建所需的面向公众的方法，让抽象类知道如何以及以什么顺序调用事物，同时仍然允许具体类提供所需的功能。

Answer 2

怎么样

public abstract class AbstractClass
{
    public void AbstractMethod()
    {
        MustBeCalled();
        InternalAbstractMethod();
    }

    protected abstract void InternalAbstractMethod();

    public void MustBeCalled()
    {
        //this must be called when AbstractMethod is invoked
    }
}

public class ImplementClass : AbstractClass
{
    protected override void InternalAbstractMethod()
    {
        //when called, base.MustBeCalled() must be called.
        //how can i enforce this?
    }
}

Answer 3

前面的解决方案忽略的一件事是 ImplementClass 可以重新定义 MethodToBeCalled 而不是调用 MustBeCalled -

public abstract class AbstractClass
{
    public abstract void AbstractMethod();

    private void MustBeCalled()
    {
        //will be invoked by  MethodToBeCalled();
        Console.WriteLine("AbstractClass.MustBeCalled");
    }

    public void MethodToBeCalled()
    {
        MustBeCalled();
        AbstractMethod();
    }
}

public class ImplementClass : AbstractClass
{
    public override void AbstractMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ImplementClass.InternalAbstractMethod");
    }

    public new void MethodToBeCalled() {
        AbstractMethod();
    }
}

如果只有 C# 允许密封未覆盖的方法 - 就像 Java 的 final 关键字！

我能想到的解决这个问题的唯一方法是使用委托而不是继承，因为类可以定义为密封的。而且我正在使用命名空间和“内部”访问修饰符来防止在实现类上提供新的实现。此外，要覆盖的方法必须定义为受保护的，否则用户可以直接调用它。

namespace Something
{

    public sealed class OuterClass
    {
        private AbstractInnerClass inner;

        public OuterClass(AbstractInnerClass inner)
        {
            this.inner = inner;
        }

        public void MethodToBeCalled()
        {
            MustBeCalled();
            inner.CalledByOuter();
        }

        public void MustBeCalled()
        {
            //this must be called when AbstractMethod is invoked
            System.Console.WriteLine("OuterClass.MustBeCalled");
        }
    }

    public abstract class AbstractInnerClass
    {
        internal void CalledByOuter()
        {
            AbstractMethod();
        }

        protected abstract void AbstractMethod();
    }
}

public class ImplementInnerClass : Something.AbstractInnerClass
{
    protected override void AbstractMethod()
    {
        //when called, base.MustBeCalled() must be called.
        //how can i enforce this?
        System.Console.WriteLine("ImplementInnerClass.AbstractMethod");
    }

    public new void CalledByOuter()
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("doesn't work");
    }
}

Answer 4

为什么不能只调用实现类的 AbstractMethod() 中的方法？