c++ - 标准向量 C++——深拷贝或浅拷贝

Question

我想知道是否复制向量我正在复制向量及其值（而这不适用于数组，并且深度复制需要循环或 memcpy）。

你能暗示一个解释吗？

问候

Answer 1

每次复制向量时，您都在进行深层复制。但是，如果您的向量是指针向量，则您将获得指针的副本，而不是指向的值

例如：

std::vector<Foo> f;
std::vector<Foo> cp = f; //deep copy. All Foo copied

std::vector<Foo*> f;
std::vector<Foo*> cp = f; //deep copy (of pointers), or shallow copy (of objects).
//All pointers to Foo are copied, but not Foo themselves

Answer 2

Vector 将调整大小以便为对象提供足够的空间。然后它将遍历对象并为每个对象调用默认的复制运算符。

这样，向量的副本就“深”了。向量中每个对象的副本是为默认复制运算符定义的任何内容。

在示例中...这是错误的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class my_array{
public:
    int *array;
    int size;
    my_array(int size, int init_val):size(size){
        array = new int[size];
        for(int i=0; i<size; ++i)
            array[i]=init_val;
    }
    ~my_array(){
        cout<<"Destructed "<<array[0]<<endl;
        if(array != NULL)
            delete []array;
        array = NULL;
        size = 0;
    }

};

void add_to(vector<my_array> &container){
    container.push_back(my_array(4,1));
}

int main(){

    vector<my_array> c;
    {
        my_array a(5,0);
        c.push_back(a);
    }
    add_to(c);
    //At this point the destructor of c[0] and c[1] has been called.
    //However vector still holds their 'remains'
    cout<<c[0].size<<endl; //should be fine, as it copies over with the = operator
    cout<<c[0].array[0]<<endl;//undefined behavior, the pointer will get copied, but the data is not valid
    return 0;
}

这是更好的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class my_array{
public:
    int *array;
    int size;
    my_array(int size, int init_val):size(size){
        cout<<"contsructed "<<init_val<<endl;
        array = new int[size];
        for(int i=0; i<size; ++i)
            array[i]=init_val;
    }
    my_array(const my_array &to_copy){
        cout<<"deep copied "<<to_copy.array[0]<<endl;
        array = new int[to_copy.size];
        size = to_copy.size;
        for(int i=0; i<to_copy.size; i++)
            array[i]=to_copy.array[i];
    }

    ~my_array(){
        cout<<"Destructed "<<array[0]<<endl;
        if(array != NULL)
            delete []array;
        array = NULL;
        size = 0;
    }

};

void add_to(vector<my_array> &container){
    container.push_back(my_array(4,1));
}

int main(){

    vector<my_array> c;
    {
        my_array a(5,0);
        c.push_back(a);
    }
    add_to(c);
    //At this point the destructor of c[0] and c[1] has been called.
    //However vector holds a deep copy'
    cout<<c[0].size<<endl; //This is FINE
    cout<<c[0].array[0]<<endl;//This is FINE
    return 0;
}