更新:我已经重现了这个问题!向下滚动以查看代码。
快速笔记
我的 Core i5 CPU 有 2 个内核,超线程。
如果我打电话
SetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), 1)
,一切都很好,即使程序仍然是多线程的。如果我不这样做,并且程序在 Windows XP 上运行(在 Windows 7 x64 上很好!),我的 GUI 在我滚动列表视图和加载图标时开始锁定几秒钟。
问题
基本上,当我在 Windows XP(Windows 7 很好)上运行下面发布的程序(我的原始代码的简化版本)时,除非我为所有线程强制使用相同的逻辑 CPU ,否则程序 UI 开始滞后半秒或者。
(注意:这里对这篇文章进行了很多编辑,因为我进一步调查了这个问题。)
请注意,线程数是相同的——只是关联掩码不同。
我已经尝试过使用两种不同的消息传递方法:内置的GetMessage
以及我自己的BackgroundWorker
.
结果?BackgroundWorker
受益于 1 个逻辑 CPU 的亲和性(几乎没有延迟),而GetMessage
完全受此伤害(延迟现在长达几秒)。
我无法弄清楚为什么会发生这种情况——多个 CPU 不应该比单个 CPU工作得更好吗?!
当线程数相同时,为什么会有这样的延迟?
更多统计:
GetLogicalProcessorInformation
返回:
0x0: {ProcessorMask=0x0000000000000003 Relationship=RelationProcessorCore ...}
0x1: {ProcessorMask=0x0000000000000003 Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x2: {ProcessorMask=0x0000000000000003 Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x3: {ProcessorMask=0x0000000000000003 Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x4: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000f Relationship=RelationProcessorPackage ...}
0x5: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000c Relationship=RelationProcessorCore ...}
0x6: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000c Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x7: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000c Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x8: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000c Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0x9: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000f Relationship=RelationCache ...}
0xa: {ProcessorMask=0x000000000000000f Relationship=RelationNumaNode ...}
编码
下面的代码应该在 Windows XP SP3 上显示此问题。(至少,它可以在我的电脑上!)
比较这两个:
正常运行程序,然后滚动。你应该看到滞后。
affinity
使用命令行参数运行程序,然后滚动。它应该几乎完全光滑。
为什么会发生这种情况?
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x502
#include <tchar.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <CommCtrl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "kernel32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "user32.lib")
LONGLONG startTick = 0;
LONGLONG QPC()
{ LARGE_INTEGER v; QueryPerformanceCounter(&v); return v.QuadPart; }
LONGLONG QPF()
{ LARGE_INTEGER v; QueryPerformanceFrequency(&v); return v.QuadPart; }
bool logging = false;
bool const useWindowMessaging = true; // GetMessage() or BackgroundWorker?
bool const autoScroll = false; // for testing
class BackgroundWorker
{
struct Thunk
{
virtual void operator()() = 0;
virtual ~Thunk() { }
};
class CSLock
{
CRITICAL_SECTION& cs;
public:
CSLock(CRITICAL_SECTION& criticalSection)
: cs(criticalSection)
{ EnterCriticalSection(&this->cs); }
~CSLock() { LeaveCriticalSection(&this->cs); }
};
template<typename T>
class ScopedPtr
{
T *p;
ScopedPtr(ScopedPtr const &) { }
ScopedPtr &operator =(ScopedPtr const &) { }
public:
ScopedPtr() : p(NULL) { }
explicit ScopedPtr(T *p) : p(p) { }
~ScopedPtr() { delete p; }
T *operator ->() { return p; }
T &operator *() { return *p; }
ScopedPtr &operator =(T *p)
{
if (this->p != NULL) { __debugbreak(); }
this->p = p;
return *this;
}
operator T *const &() { return this->p; }
};
Thunk **const todo;
size_t nToDo;
CRITICAL_SECTION criticalSection;
DWORD tid;
HANDLE hThread, hSemaphore;
volatile bool stop;
static size_t const MAX_TASKS = 1 << 18; // big enough for testing
static DWORD CALLBACK entry(void *arg)
{ return ((BackgroundWorker *)arg)->process(); }
public:
BackgroundWorker()
: nToDo(0), todo(new Thunk *[MAX_TASKS]), stop(false), tid(0),
hSemaphore(CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 1 << 30, NULL)),
hThread(CreateThread(NULL, 0, entry, this, CREATE_SUSPENDED, &tid))
{
InitializeCriticalSection(&this->criticalSection);
ResumeThread(this->hThread);
}
~BackgroundWorker()
{
// Clear all the tasks
this->stop = true;
this->clear();
LONG prev;
if (!ReleaseSemaphore(this->hSemaphore, 1, &prev) ||
WaitForSingleObject(this->hThread, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
{ __debugbreak(); }
CloseHandle(this->hSemaphore);
CloseHandle(this->hThread);
DeleteCriticalSection(&this->criticalSection);
delete [] this->todo;
}
void clear()
{
CSLock lock(this->criticalSection);
while (this->nToDo > 0)
{
delete this->todo[--this->nToDo];
}
}
unsigned int process()
{
DWORD result;
while ((result = WaitForSingleObject(this->hSemaphore, INFINITE))
== WAIT_OBJECT_0)
{
if (this->stop) { result = ERROR_CANCELLED; break; }
ScopedPtr<Thunk> next;
{
CSLock lock(this->criticalSection);
if (this->nToDo > 0)
{
next = this->todo[--this->nToDo];
this->todo[this->nToDo] = NULL; // for debugging
}
}
if (next) { (*next)(); }
}
return result;
}
template<typename Func>
void add(Func const &func)
{
CSLock lock(this->criticalSection);
struct FThunk : public virtual Thunk
{
Func func;
FThunk(Func const &func) : func(func) { }
void operator()() { this->func(); }
};
DWORD exitCode;
if (GetExitCodeThread(this->hThread, &exitCode) &&
exitCode == STILL_ACTIVE)
{
if (this->nToDo >= MAX_TASKS) { __debugbreak(); /*too many*/ }
if (this->todo[this->nToDo] != NULL) { __debugbreak(); }
this->todo[this->nToDo++] = new FThunk(func);
LONG prev;
if (!ReleaseSemaphore(this->hSemaphore, 1, &prev))
{ __debugbreak(); }
}
else { __debugbreak(); }
}
};
LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(
HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
enum { IDC_LISTVIEW = 101 };
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
RECT rc; GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);
HWND const hWndListView = CreateWindowEx(
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, WC_LISTVIEW, NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | LVS_REPORT |
LVS_SHOWSELALWAYS | LVS_SINGLESEL | WS_TABSTOP,
rc.left, rc.top, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top,
hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTVIEW, NULL, NULL);
int const cx = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMICON),
cy = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMICON);
HIMAGELIST const hImgList =
ImageList_Create(
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMICON),
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMICON),
ILC_COLOR32, 1024, 1024);
ImageList_AddIcon(hImgList, (HICON)LoadImage(
NULL, IDI_INFORMATION, IMAGE_ICON, cx, cy, LR_SHARED));
LVCOLUMN col = { LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_WIDTH, 0, 500, TEXT("Name") };
ListView_InsertColumn(hWndListView, 0, &col);
ListView_SetExtendedListViewStyle(hWndListView,
LVS_EX_DOUBLEBUFFER | LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT | LVS_EX_GRIDLINES);
ListView_SetImageList(hWndListView, hImgList, LVSIL_SMALL);
for (int i = 0; i < (1 << 11); i++)
{
TCHAR text[128]; _stprintf(text, _T("Item %d"), i);
LVITEM item =
{
LVIF_IMAGE | LVIF_TEXT, i, 0, 0, 0,
text, 0, I_IMAGECALLBACK
};
ListView_InsertItem(hWndListView, &item);
}
if (autoScroll)
{
SetTimer(hWnd, 0, 1, NULL);
}
break;
}
case WM_TIMER:
{
HWND const hWndListView = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_LISTVIEW);
RECT rc; GetClientRect(hWndListView, &rc);
if (!ListView_Scroll(hWndListView, 0, rc.bottom - rc.top))
{
KillTimer(hWnd, 0);
}
break;
}
case WM_NULL:
{
HWND const hWndListView = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_LISTVIEW);
int const iItem = (int)lParam;
if (logging)
{
_tprintf(_T("@%I64lld ms:")
_T(" Received: #%d\n"),
(QPC() - startTick) * 1000 / QPF(), iItem);
}
int const iImage = 0;
LVITEM const item = {LVIF_IMAGE, iItem, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, iImage};
ListView_SetItem(hWndListView, &item);
ListView_Update(hWndListView, iItem);
break;
}
case WM_NOTIFY:
{
LPNMHDR const pNMHDR = (LPNMHDR)lParam;
switch (pNMHDR->code)
{
case LVN_GETDISPINFO:
{
NMLVDISPINFO *const pInfo = (NMLVDISPINFO *)lParam;
struct Callback
{
HWND hWnd;
int iItem;
void operator()()
{
if (logging)
{
_tprintf(_T("@%I64lld ms: Sent: #%d\n"),
(QPC() - startTick) * 1000 / QPF(),
iItem);
}
PostMessage(hWnd, WM_NULL, 0, iItem);
}
};
if (pInfo->item.iImage == I_IMAGECALLBACK)
{
if (useWindowMessaging)
{
DWORD const tid =
(DWORD)GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA);
PostThreadMessage(
tid, WM_NULL, 0, pInfo->item.iItem);
}
else
{
Callback callback = { hWnd, pInfo->item.iItem };
if (logging)
{
_tprintf(_T("@%I64lld ms: Queued: #%d\n"),
(QPC() - startTick) * 1000 / QPF(),
pInfo->item.iItem);
}
((BackgroundWorker *)
GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA))
->add(callback);
}
}
break;
}
}
break;
}
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
DWORD WINAPI BackgroundWorkerThread(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
HWND const hWnd = (HWND)lpParameter;
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0 && msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if (msg.message == WM_NULL)
{
PostMessage(hWnd, msg.message, msg.wParam, msg.lParam);
}
}
return 0;
}
int _tmain(int argc, LPTSTR argv[])
{
startTick = QPC();
bool const affinity = argc >= 2 && _tcsicmp(argv[1], _T("affinity")) == 0;
if (affinity)
{ SetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), 1 << 0); }
bool const log = logging; // disable temporarily
logging = false;
WNDCLASS wndClass =
{
0, &MyWindowProc, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW),
GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_3DFACE), NULL, TEXT("MyClass")
};
HWND const hWnd = CreateWindow(
MAKEINTATOM(RegisterClass(&wndClass)),
affinity ? TEXT("Window (1 CPU)") : TEXT("Window (All CPUs)"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
BackgroundWorker iconLoader;
DWORD tid = 0;
if (useWindowMessaging)
{
CreateThread(NULL, 0, &BackgroundWorkerThread, (LPVOID)hWnd, 0, &tid);
SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA, tid);
}
else { SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA, (LONG_PTR)&iconLoader); }
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
{
if (!IsDialogMessage(hWnd, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
if (msg.message == WM_TIMER ||
!PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE))
{ logging = log; }
}
PostThreadMessage(tid, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);
return 0;
}