我的文件是“xml.txt”，内容如下：
books.xml
news.xml
mix.xml
如果我使用 readline() 函数，它会在所有文件的名称中附加“\n”，这是一个错误，因为我想打开 xml.txt 中包含的文件。我写了这个：
fo = open("xml.tx","r")
for i in range(count.__len__()): #here count is one of may arrays that i'm using
file = fo.readline()
find_root(file) # here find_root is my own created function not displayed here
运行此代码时遇到错误：
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'books.xml\n'
只删除末尾的换行符：
line = line.rstrip('\n')
保留换行符的原因readline是您可以区分空行（有换行符）和文件结尾（空字符串）。
来自在 Python 中读取换行符分隔文件并丢弃换行符的最佳方法？
lines = open(filename).read().splitlines()
您可以使用.rstrip()字符串对象的方法来获取删除了尾随空格（包括换行符）的版本。
例如：
find_root(file.rstrip())
我只是出于好奇而计时。以下是不同大文件的结果。
tldr; 文件读取然后拆分似乎是处理大文件的最快方法。
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
lines = file.read().split("\n")
但是，如果您无论如何都需要遍历这些行，那么您可能想要：
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
for line in file:
line = line.rstrip("\n")
Python 3.4.2
import timeit
FILENAME = "mylargefile.csv"
DELIMITER = "\n"
def splitlines_read():
"""Read the file then split the lines from the splitlines builtin method.
Returns:
lines (list): List of file lines.
"""
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
lines = file.read().splitlines()
return lines
# end splitlines_read
def split_read():
"""Read the file then split the lines.
This method will return empty strings for blank lines (Same as the other methods).
This method may also have an extra additional element as an empty string (compared to
splitlines_read).
Returns:
lines (list): List of file lines.
"""
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
lines = file.read().split(DELIMITER)
return lines
# end split_read
def strip_read():
"""Loop through the file and create a new list of lines and removes any "\n" by rstrip
Returns:
lines (list): List of file lines.
"""
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
lines = [line.rstrip(DELIMITER) for line in file]
return lines
# end strip_readline
def strip_readlines():
"""Loop through the file's read lines and create a new list of lines and removes any "\n" by
rstrip. ... will probably be slower than the strip_read, but might as well test everything.
Returns:
lines (list): List of file lines.
"""
with open(FILENAME, "r") as file:
lines = [line.rstrip(DELIMITER) for line in file.readlines()]
return lines
# end strip_readline
def compare_times():
run = 100
splitlines_t = timeit.timeit(splitlines_read, number=run)
print("Splitlines Read:", splitlines_t)
split_t = timeit.timeit(split_read, number=run)
print("Split Read:", split_t)
strip_t = timeit.timeit(strip_read, number=run)
print("Strip Read:", strip_t)
striplines_t = timeit.timeit(strip_readlines, number=run)
print("Strip Readlines:", striplines_t)
# end compare_times
def compare_values():
"""Compare the values of the file.
Note: split_read fails, because has an extra empty string in the list of lines. That's the only
reason why it fails.
"""
splr = splitlines_read()
sprl = split_read()
strr = strip_read()
strl = strip_readlines()
print("splitlines_read")
print(repr(splr[:10]))
print("split_read", splr == sprl)
print(repr(sprl[:10]))
print("strip_read", splr == strr)
print(repr(strr[:10]))
print("strip_readline", splr == strl)
print(repr(strl[:10]))
# end compare_values
if __name__ == "__main__":
compare_values()
compare_times()
结果：
run = 1000
Splitlines Read: 201.02846901328783
Split Read: 137.51448011841822
Strip Read: 156.18040391519133
Strip Readline: 172.12281272950372
run = 100
Splitlines Read: 19.956802833188124
Split Read: 13.657361738959867
Strip Read: 15.731161020969516
Strip Readlines: 17.434831199281092
run = 100
Splitlines Read: 20.01516321280158
Split Read: 13.786344555543899
Strip Read: 16.02410587620824
Strip Readlines: 17.09326775703279
文件读取然后拆分似乎是处理大文件的最快方法。
注意： read then split("\n") 将在列表末尾有一个额外的空字符串。
注意：读取然后 splitlines() 会检查更多内容，而不仅仅是“\n”，可能是“\r\n”。
最好为文件使用上下文管理器，而len()不是调用.__len__()
with open("xml.tx","r") as fo:
for i in range(len(count)): #here count is one of may arrays that i'm using
file = next(fo).rstrip("\n")
find_root(file) # here find_root is my own created function not displayed here
要从末尾删除换行符，您还可以使用以下内容：
for line in file:
print line[:-1]
@Lars Wirzenius 回答的用例：
with open("list.txt", "r") as myfile:
for lines in myfile:
lines = lines.rstrip('\n') # the trick
try:
with open(lines) as myFile:
print "ok"
except IOError as e:
print "files does not exist"
# mode : 'r', 'w', 'a'
f = open("ur_filename", "mode")
for t in f:
if(t):
fn.write(t.rstrip("\n"))
“如果”条件将检查该行是否有字符串，如果是，下一行将在末尾剥离“\n”并写入文件。代码测试。;)