如果其他人需要它，我想出了一个解决方法，基于将打印机设置内存块存储在二进制文件中，然后恢复它。这个想法在这篇博文中有所描述，但是当我简单地复制粘贴时它对我不起作用（它仅适用于某些驱动程序和某些设置，而其他打印选项被忽略）。
所以我重新做了一点，现在它可以支持我在任何我测试过的打印机（使用兼容的驱动程序）上尝试过的所有设置。当然，例如，如果您使用另一台打印机的驱动程序，它将无法正常工作。
这种方法的缺点当然是您应该首先将默认打印机首选项（在控制面板中）设置为您需要的。当然，这并不总是可能的，但至少在某些情况下它会有所帮助。
因此，能够将打印机设置存储到文件中的测试工具的完整源代码，再次将此文件加载到打印机并使用指定的设置文件打印文档：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing.Printing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word;
namespace PrintAdvancedTest
{
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct PRINTER_DEFAULTS
{
public int pDatatype;
public int pDevMode;
public int DesiredAccess;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct PRINTER_INFO_2
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pServerName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pPrinterName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pShareName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pPortName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pDriverName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pComment;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pLocation;
public IntPtr pDevMode;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pSepFile;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pPrintProcessor;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pDatatype;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public readonly string pParameters;
public IntPtr pSecurityDescriptor;
public readonly Int32 Attributes;
public readonly Int32 Priority;
public readonly Int32 DefaultPriority;
public readonly Int32 StartTime;
public readonly Int32 UntilTime;
public readonly Int32 Status;
public readonly Int32 cJobs;
public readonly Int32 AveragePPM;
}
public class PrintSettings
{
private const short CCDEVICENAME = 32;
private const short CCFORMNAME = 32;
//Constants for DEVMODE
// Constants for DocumentProperties
private const int DM_MODIFY = 8;
private const int DM_COPY = 2;
private const int DM_IN_BUFFER = DM_MODIFY;
private const int DM_OUT_BUFFER = DM_COPY;
// const intants for dmOrientation
private const int DMORIENT_PORTRAIT = 1;
private const int DMORIENT_LANDSCAPE = 2;
// const intants for dmPrintQuality
private const int DMRES_DRAFT = (-1);
private const int DMRES_HIGH = (-4);
private const int DMRES_LOW = (-2);
private const int DMRES_MEDIUM = (-3);
// const intants for dmTTOption
private const int DMTT_BITMAP = 1;
private const int DMTT_DOWNLOAD = 2;
private const int DMTT_DOWNLOAD_OUTLINE = 4;
private const int DMTT_SUBDEV = 3;
// const intants for dmColor
private const int DMCOLOR_COLOR = 2;
private const int DMCOLOR_MONOCHROME = 1;
// const intants for dmCollate
private const int DMCOLLATE_FALSE = 0;
private const int DMCOLLATE_TRUE = 1;
// const intants for dmDuplex
private const int DMDUP_HORIZONTAL = 3;
private const int DMDUP_SIMPLEX = 1;
private const int DMDUP_VERTICAL = 2;
//const for security access
private const int PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = 0x4;
private const int PRINTER_ACCESS_USE = 0x8;
private const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = 0xF0000;
private const int PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS =
(STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED | PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER
| PRINTER_ACCESS_USE);
/* field selection bits */
private const int DM_ORIENTATION = 0x00000001;
private const int DM_PAPERSIZE = 0x00000002;
private const int DM_PAPERLENGTH = 0x00000004;
private const int DM_PAPERWIDTH = 0x00000008;
private const int DM_SCALE = 0x00000010;
private const int DM_POSITION = 0x00000020;
private const int DM_NUP = 0x00000040;
private const int DM_DISPLAYORIENTATION = 0x00000080;
private const int DM_COPIES = 0x00000100;
private const int DM_DEFAULTSOURCE = 0x00000200;
private const int DM_PRINTQUALITY = 0x00000400;
private const int DM_COLOR = 0x00000800;
private const int DM_DUPLEX = 0x00001000;
private const int DM_YRESOLUTION = 0x00002000;
private const int DM_TTOPTION = 0x00004000;
private const int DM_COLLATE = 0x00008000;
private const int DM_FORMNAME = 0x00010000;
private const int DM_LOGPIXELS = 0x00020000;
private const int DM_BITSPERPEL = 0x00040000;
private const int DM_PELSWIDTH = 0x00080000;
private const int DM_PELSHEIGHT = 0x00100000;
private const int DM_DISPLAYFLAGS = 0x00200000;
private const int DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY = 0x00400000;
private const int DM_ICMMETHOD = 0x00800000;
private const int DM_ICMINTENT = 0x01000000;
private const int DM_MEDIATYPE = 0x02000000;
private const int DM_DITHERTYPE = 0x04000000;
private const int DM_PANNINGWIDTH = 0x08000000;
private const int DM_PANNINGHEIGHT = 0x10000000;
private const int DM_DISPLAYFIXEDOUTPUT = 0x20000000;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DEVMODE
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCDEVICENAME)]
public string dmDeviceName;
public short dmSpecVersion;
public short dmDriverVersion;
public short dmSize;
public short dmDriverExtra;
public int dmFields;
public short dmOrientation;
public short dmPaperSize;
public short dmPaperLength;
public short dmPaperWidth;
public short dmScale;
public short dmCopies;
public short dmDefaultSource;
public short dmPrintQuality;
public short dmColor;
public short dmDuplex;
public short dmYResolution;
public short dmTTOption;
public short dmCollate;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCFORMNAME)]
public string dmFormName;
public short dmUnusedPadding;
public short dmBitsPerPel;
public int dmPelsWidth;
public int dmPelsHeight;
public int dmDisplayFlags;
public int dmDisplayFrequency;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Dictionary<string, Action> commands = new Dictionary<string, Action>
{
{"save", PrinterPreferencesSave},
{"print", PrinterPreferencesPrint},
{"set", PrinterPreferencesSet},
{"info", PrinterInfo}
};
while (true)
{
Console.Write("Command ({0}): ", string.Join(", ", commands.Keys));
string command = Console.ReadLine();
Action action;
if (!commands.TryGetValue(command, out action))
{
Console.WriteLine("Invalid command");
}
else
{
action();
}
}
}
static void PrinterPreferencesSave()
{
Console.Write("Printer name: ");
string printerName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Settings file path format: ");
string SettingsFileNameFormat = Console.ReadLine();
string testName;
while (true)
{
Console.Write("SAVE: Settings set name: ");
testName = Console.ReadLine();
if (testName == "end")
{
break;
}
getDevMode(printerName, string.Format(SettingsFileNameFormat, testName));
}
}
static void PrinterPreferencesPrint()
{
Console.Write("Printer name: ");
string printerName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Settings file path format: ");
string SettingsFileNameFormat = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Document to print: ");
string docToPrintPath = Console.ReadLine();
string testName;
while (true)
{
Console.Write("PRINT: Settings set name: ");
testName = Console.ReadLine();
if (testName == "end")
{
break;
}
string filePath = string.Format(SettingsFileNameFormat, testName);
if (!File.Exists(filePath))
{
Console.WriteLine("File {0} not exists", filePath);
return;
}
var success = setDevMode(printerName, filePath);
if (success)
{
PrintWordDocument(docToPrintPath, printerName);
}
}
}
static void PrinterPreferencesSet()
{
Console.Write("Printer name: ");
string printerName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Settings file path format: ");
string SettingsFileNameFormat = Console.ReadLine();
string testName;
while (true)
{
Console.Write("SET: Settings set name: ");
testName = Console.ReadLine();
if (testName == "end")
{
break;
}
string filePath = string.Format(SettingsFileNameFormat, testName);
if (!File.Exists(filePath))
{
Console.WriteLine("File {0} not exists", filePath);
return;
}
var success = setDevMode(printerName, filePath);
if(!success)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failed");
}
}
}
private static void PrinterInfo()
{
Console.Write("Printer name: ");
string printerName = Console.ReadLine();
IntPtr hDevMode; // handle to the DEVMODE
IntPtr pDevMode; // pointer to the DEVMODE
DEVMODE devMode; // the actual DEVMODE structure
//var printController = new StandardPrintController();
PrinterSettings printerSettings = new PrinterSettings();
printerSettings.PrinterName = printerName;
// Get a handle to a DEVMODE for the default printer settings
hDevMode = printerSettings.GetHdevmode(printerSettings.DefaultPageSettings);
// Obtain a lock on the handle and get an actual pointer so Windows won't
// move it around while we're futzing with it
pDevMode = GlobalLock(hDevMode);
// Marshal the memory at that pointer into our P/Invoke version of DEVMODE
devMode = (DEVMODE)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pDevMode, typeof(DEVMODE));
Dictionary<string, int> dmConstants = new Dictionary<string, int>
{
{"DM_ORIENTATION", 0x00000001},
{"DM_PAPERSIZE", 0x00000002},
{"DM_PAPERLENGTH", 0x00000004},
{"DM_PAPERWIDTH", 0x00000008},
{"DM_SCALE", 0x00000010},
{"DM_POSITION", 0x00000020},
{"DM_NUP", 0x00000040},
{"DM_DISPLAYORIENTATION", 0x00000080},
{"DM_COPIES", 0x00000100},
{"DM_DEFAULTSOURCE", 0x00000200},
{"DM_PRINTQUALITY", 0x00000400},
{"DM_COLOR", 0x00000800},
{"DM_DUPLEX", 0x00001000},
{"DM_YRESOLUTION", 0x00002000},
{"DM_TTOPTION", 0x00004000},
{"DM_COLLATE", 0x00008000},
{"DM_FORMNAME", 0x00010000},
{"DM_LOGPIXELS", 0x00020000},
{"DM_BITSPERPEL", 0x00040000},
{"DM_PELSWIDTH", 0x00080000},
{"DM_PELSHEIGHT", 0x00100000},
{"DM_DISPLAYFLAGS", 0x00200000},
{"DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY", 0x00400000},
{"DM_ICMMETHOD", 0x00800000},
{"DM_ICMINTENT", 0x01000000},
{"DM_MEDIATYPE", 0x02000000},
{"DM_DITHERTYPE", 0x04000000},
{"DM_PANNINGWIDTH", 0x08000000},
{"DM_PANNINGHEIGHT", 0x10000000},
{"DM_DISPLAYFIXEDOUTPUT", 0x20000000},
};
Console.WriteLine("Allow set: {0}. Details: {1}", Convert.ToString(devMode.dmFields, 16), string.Join(",", dmConstants.Where(c=>(devMode.dmFields & c.Value)==c.Value).Select(c=>c.Key)));
//private const int DM_POSITION = 0x00000020;
//private const int DM_NUP = 0x00000040;
//private const int DM_DISPLAYORIENTATION = 0x00000080;
//private const int DM_DEFAULTSOURCE = 0x00000200;
//private const int DM_PRINTQUALITY = 0x00000400;
//private const int DM_COLOR = 0x00000800;
//private const int DM_YRESOLUTION = 0x00002000;
//private const int DM_TTOPTION = 0x00004000;
//private const int DM_FORMNAME = 0x00010000;
//private const int DM_LOGPIXELS = 0x00020000;
//private const int DM_BITSPERPEL = 0x00040000;
//private const int DM_PELSWIDTH = 0x00080000;
//private const int DM_PELSHEIGHT = 0x00100000;
//private const int DM_DISPLAYFLAGS = 0x00200000;
//private const int DM_DISPLAYFREQUENCY = 0x00400000;
//private const int DM_ICMMETHOD = 0x00800000;
//private const int DM_ICMINTENT = 0x01000000;
//private const int DM_MEDIATYPE = 0x02000000;
//private const int DM_DITHERTYPE = 0x04000000;
//private const int DM_PANNINGWIDTH = 0x08000000;
//private const int DM_PANNINGHEIGHT = 0x10000000;
//private const int DM_DISPLAYFIXEDOUTPUT = 0x20000000;
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("DeviceName", devMode.dmDeviceName, null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("SpecVersion", devMode.dmSpecVersion.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("DriverVersion", devMode.dmDriverVersion.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Size", devMode.dmSize.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("DriverExtra", devMode.dmDriverExtra.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Orientation", devMode.dmOrientation.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_ORIENTATION) == DM_ORIENTATION);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("PaperSize", devMode.dmPaperSize.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_PAPERSIZE) == DM_PAPERSIZE);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("PaperLength", devMode.dmPaperLength.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_PAPERLENGTH) == DM_PAPERLENGTH);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("PaperWidth", devMode.dmPaperWidth.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_PAPERWIDTH) == DM_PAPERWIDTH);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Scale", devMode.dmScale.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_SCALE) == DM_SCALE);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Copies", devMode.dmCopies.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_COPIES) == DM_COPIES);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Duplex", devMode.dmDuplex.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_DUPLEX) == DM_DUPLEX);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("YResolution", devMode.dmYResolution.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("TTOption", devMode.dmTTOption.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("Collate", devMode.dmCollate.ToString(), (devMode.dmFields & DM_COLLATE) == DM_COLLATE);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("FormName", devMode.dmFormName.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("UnusedPadding", devMode.dmUnusedPadding.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("BitsPerPel", devMode.dmBitsPerPel.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("PelsWidth", devMode.dmPelsWidth.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("PelsHeight", devMode.dmPelsHeight.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("DisplayFlags", devMode.dmDisplayFlags.ToString(), null);
WriteDevModePropertyInfo("DisplayFrequency", devMode.dmDisplayFlags.ToString(), null);
}
private static void WriteDevModePropertyInfo(string settingName, string value, bool? allowSet)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", allowSet.HasValue ? (allowSet.Value ? "+" : "-") : " ", settingName.PadRight(20, '.'), value);
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GlobalFree(IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GlobalLock(IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GlobalUnlock(IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetLastError", SetLastError = false,
ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
private static extern Int32 GetLastError();
[DllImport("winspool.Drv", EntryPoint = "ClosePrinter", SetLastError = true,
ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
private static extern bool ClosePrinter(IntPtr hPrinter);
[DllImport("winspool.Drv", EntryPoint = "DocumentPropertiesA", SetLastError = true,
ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
private static extern int DocumentProperties(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr hPrinter,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string pDeviceNameg,
IntPtr pDevModeOutput, ref IntPtr pDevModeInput, int fMode);
[DllImport("winspool.Drv", EntryPoint = "GetPrinterA", SetLastError = true,
CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, ExactSpelling = true,
CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
private static extern bool GetPrinter(IntPtr hPrinter, Int32 dwLevel,
IntPtr pPrinter, Int32 dwBuf, out Int32 dwNeeded);
[DllImport("winspool.Drv", EntryPoint = "OpenPrinterA",
SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi,
ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
private static extern bool
OpenPrinter([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string szPrinter,
out IntPtr hPrinter, ref PRINTER_DEFAULTS pd);
[DllImport("winspool.drv", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetPrinter(IntPtr hPrinter, int Level, IntPtr
pPrinter, int Command);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr GlobalAlloc(uint uFlags, int dwBytes);
public static void getDevMode(string printerName, string filepath)
{
PRINTER_DEFAULTS PrinterValues = new PRINTER_DEFAULTS();
PrinterValues.pDatatype = 0;
PrinterValues.pDevMode = 0;
PrinterValues.DesiredAccess = PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS;
IntPtr ptrZero = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr hPrinter;
IntPtr pDevMode = new IntPtr();
//get printer handle
OpenPrinter(printerName, out hPrinter, ref PrinterValues);
//allocate memory for ptr to devmode, 0 argument retrieves bytes required
int bytes = DocumentProperties(new IntPtr(0), hPrinter, printerName, ptrZero, ref pDevMode, 0);
pDevMode = GlobalAlloc(0, bytes);
//set the pointer
DocumentProperties(new IntPtr(0), hPrinter, printerName, pDevMode, ref ptrZero, DM_OUT_BUFFER);
//write the devMode to a file
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Create))
{
for (int i = 0; i < bytes; i++)
{
fs.WriteByte(Marshal.ReadByte(pDevMode, i));
}
}
//free resources
GlobalFree(pDevMode);
ClosePrinter(hPrinter);
}
public static bool setDevMode(string printerName, string filepath)
{
if(!File.Exists(filepath))
{
return false;
}
IntPtr hPrinter;
int bytes = 0;
IntPtr pPInfo;
IntPtr pDevMode;
PRINTER_INFO_2 pInfo = new PRINTER_INFO_2();
PRINTER_DEFAULTS PrinterValues = new PRINTER_DEFAULTS();
PrinterValues.pDatatype = 0;
PrinterValues.pDevMode = 0;
PrinterValues.DesiredAccess = PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS;
//retrieve the devmode from file
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Open))
{
int length = Convert.ToInt32(fs.Length);
pDevMode = GlobalAlloc(0, length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
Marshal.WriteByte(pDevMode, i, (byte)fs.ReadByte());
}
}
//get printer handle
OpenPrinter(printerName, out hPrinter, ref PrinterValues);
//get bytes for printer info structure and allocate memory
GetPrinter(hPrinter, 2, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out bytes);
if (bytes == 0)
{
throw new Exception("Get Printer Failed");
}
pPInfo = GlobalAlloc(0, bytes);
//set pointer to printer info
GetPrinter(hPrinter, 2, pPInfo, bytes, out bytes);
//place the printer info structure
pInfo = (PRINTER_INFO_2)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pPInfo, typeof(PRINTER_INFO_2));
//insert the new devmode
pInfo.pDevMode = pDevMode;
pInfo.pSecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero;
//set pointer to new printer info
Marshal.StructureToPtr(pInfo, pPInfo, true);
//update
SetPrinter(hPrinter, 2, pPInfo, 0);
//free resources
GlobalFree(pPInfo);
GlobalFree(pDevMode);
ClosePrinter(hPrinter);
return true;
}
private static void PrintWordDocument(string path, string printerName)
{
object readOnly = true;
object addToRecentFiles = false;
object visible = false;
object backgroundPrint = false;
object saveChanges = false;
object sourceFile = path;
var wordApplication = new Application();
var doc = wordApplication.Documents.OpenNoRepairDialog(FileName: ref sourceFile, ReadOnly: ref readOnly,
AddToRecentFiles: ref addToRecentFiles,
Visible: ref visible);
wordApplication.ActivePrinter = printerName;
doc.Activate();
wordApplication.PrintOut(Background: ref backgroundPrint, FileName: sourceFile);
object _missing = Type.Missing;
doc.Close(ref saveChanges, ref _missing, ref _missing);
}
}
}
更新 2018-12-04（5.5 年后）：此代码中的 Marshal.StructureToPtr 调用存在一个令人讨厌的罕见问题，今天我终于得到了该问题的答案（请参阅 Hans Passant 的评论）。我无法验证这是否真的有效，因为我不再从事该项目，但如果您尝试使用此代码，似乎您可能需要应用该修复程序。