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我是一个 Perl 新手，遇到了另一个需要帮助和输入的生物信息学问题。

问题简述：

  1. 我有一个文件，其中包含 40,000 多个独特的DNA 序列。唯一的，我的意思是唯一的序列ID。我在我的帖子末尾附上了它的一部分，以帮助您展示它的外观。

  2. 我需要将40,000 个序列中的每一个分成 3 个部分。因此，如果特定序列的长度为 999 个字符，则 3 个部分中的每个部分将有 333 个字符。

  3. 我需要通过 3 个单独的部分中的每一个来寻找以下模式：

    $gpat = [G]{3,5}; $npat = [AZ]{1,25};
    $pattern = $gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat;

  4. 如果 $pattern 出现在 3 部分中的第一个，则增加“开始”的计数器，如果 $pattern 出现在 3 部分中的第二个，则增加“中间”的计数器，最后如果 $pattern 出现在第 3 部分，增加“结束”的计数器。

  5. 打印“开始”、“中间”和“结束”的计数器，即基本上是每个序列的“开始”、“中间”、“结束”的总和。

    说在第一个序列中，值分别是'2'，'5'，'3'，在第二个序列中，值是'4'，'1'，'6'，最终计数应该是'7,6 ,9'。

我遇到的问题：

  1. 如果一个特定的序列被分成 3 个部分，潜在的 $pattern 就会丢失。例如说一个像这样的序列：

gggatgtcgatgcatggggatgcatcgatgcggggactagctagcgggatgctacgatggggatgatgataatatcgcggcgcatatatgctagtctatatatta

拆分为 3 个部分会产生以下 3 个子部分，每个子部分长度为 35 个字符：

gggatgtcgatgcatggggatgcatcgatgcgggg
actagctagcgggatgctacgatggggatgatgat
aatatcgcggcgcatatatgctagtctatatatta

因此，$pattern 被分成前两部分。无论如何要说“如果 $pattern 从第一部分开始并在第二部分结束”，增加“开始”的数量？

##UPDATE##感谢Cupidvogel建议的代码，以下问题已得到解决

2.如果一个序列的长度不能被3整除，我如何将它分成3部分？我尝试使用int，但最后一部分短 1-2 个字符。

以下是我到目前为止编写的代码。

它读取文件，显示标题名称和序列，每个序列将被分成的长度，最后将序列分成 3 部分，如果序列长度可以被 3 整除，则可以正常工作，对于那些不能被 3 整除的部分，最后的第 3 部分短 1-2 个字符。

#Take Filename from user
print "Please enter file name : ";
$in =<>;
chomp $in;
        
        
open (FASTA,"$in") or die ;
while (<FASTA>)
{
$/=">";
@array = split '\n', $_;
$header=shift @array; # Header of the fasta sequence
print "\n\nNext sequence: \n";
print $header,"\n";
            
            
$seq= join '', @array; # sequence
$seq=~s/\s//g;
$seq=~s/\*//g;
$seq=~s/>//g;
print $seq,"\n\n";

$num = int(length($seq)/3);
@arr = unpack("A$num A$num A*",$seq);
print " New method gives this :", @arr;
print "\nThe first element is :", $arr[0]; 
print "\nThe second element is :",$arr[1]; 
print "\nThe third element is :",$arr[2] ;

            
            
#The following lines of code were originally written to split...
#...the sequence into 3 parts, albeit unsuccessfully                    
#my $split = (length $seq)/3;
#print $split,"\n\n";
         
#my $int = int $split;
#print $int,"\n\n";
         
         
#my @array2 = $seq =~ /(.{$int})/g;
#print join (" ", @array2),"\n\n";
        
#print $array2[0],"\n",$array2[1],"\n",$array2[2];
        
            
}
        
        
exit;

我一直在尝试使用以下示例文件编写的代码：sample.fa

>ABC_123 2
atgtcgatcgatcggcgggcatgcgcgcgcggatg
atatatagcgcgcgctatatagcgcgactctacgc
atgctgctgactagctatagtcgctgactgcgcgt
gggaaaaagggcccgggccccgttttggggatcta
ggggatagctgatgctagcatgcatgctgactgca
>DEF_456 4
gggatgtcgatgcatggggatgcatcgatgcgggg
actagctagcgggatgctacgatggggatgatgat
aatatcgcggcgcatatatgctagtctatatatta
>GHI_789 1
atagctgctagtcgatcggcgcgggtatcgatcgg
ggatcgatcgatcggggatcgatcgggggatcgat

实际的输入文件如下所示：

>NR_037701 1
aggagctatgaatattaatgaaagtggtcctgatgcatgcatattaaaca
tgcatcttacatatgacacatgttcaccttggggtggagacttaatattt
aaatattgcaatcaggccctatacatcaaaaggtctattcaggacatgaa
ggcactcaagtatgcaatctctgtaaacccgctagaaccagtcatggtcg
gtgggctccttaccaggagaaaattaccgaaatcactcttgtccaatcaa
agctgtagttatggctggtggagttcagttagtcagcatctggtggagct
gcaagtgttttagtattgtttatttagaggccagtgcttatttagctgct
agagaaaaggaaaacttgtggcagttagaacatagtttattcttttaagt
gtagggctgcatgacttaacccttgtttggcatggccttaggtcctgttt
gtaatttggtatcttgttgccacaaagagtgtgtttggtcagtcttatga
cctctattttgacattaatgctggttggttgtgtctaaaccataaaaggg
aggggagtataatgaggtgtgtctgacctcttgtcctgtcatggctggga
actcagtttctaaggtttttctggggtcctctttgccaagagcgtttcta
ttcagttggtggaggggacttaggattttatttttagtttgcagccaggg
tcagtacatttcagtcacccccgcccagccctcctgatcctcctgtcatt
cctcacatcctgtcattgtcagagattttacagatatagagctgaatcat
ttcctgccatctcttttaacacacaggcctcccagatctttctaacccag
gacctacttggaaaggcatgctgggtctcttccacagactttaagctctc
cctacaccagaatttaggtgagtgctttgaggacatgaagctattcctcc
caccaccagtagccttgggctggcccacgccaactgtggagctggagcgg
gagggaggagtacagacatggaattttaattctgtaatccagggcttcag
ttatgtacaacatccatgccatttgatgattccaccactccttttccatc
tcccagaagcctgctttttaatgcccgcttaatattatcagagccgagcc
tggaatcaaactgcctctttcaaaacctgccactatatcctggctttgtg
acctcagccaagttgcttgactattctcagtctcagtttctgcacctgtc
aaatagggtttatgttaacctaactttcagggctgtcaggattaaatgag
catgaaccacataaaatgtttggtgtatagtaagtgtacagtaaatactt
ccattatcagtccctgcaattctatttttcttccttctctacacagcccc
tgtctggctttaaaatgtcctgccctgctttttatgagtggataccccca
gccctatgtggattagcaagttaagtaatgacactcagagacagttccat
ctttgtccataacttgctctgtgatccagtgtgcatcactcaaacagact
atctcttttctcctacaaaacagacagctgcctctcagataatgttgggg
gcataggaggaatgggaagcccgctaagagaacagaagtcaaaaacagtt
gggttctagatgggaggaggtgtgcgtgcacatgtatgtttgtgtttcag
gtcttggaatctcagcaggtcagtcacattgcagtgtgtcgcttcacctg
gctccctcttttaaagattttccttccctctttccaactccctgggtcct
ggatcctccaacagtgtcagggttagatgccttttatgggccacttgcat
tagtgtcctgatagaggcttaatcactgctcagaaactgccttctgccca
ctggcaaagggaggcaggggaaatacatgattctaattaatggtccaggc
agagaggacactcagaatttcaggactgaagagtatacatgtgtgtgatg
gtaaatgggcaaaaatcatcccttggcttctcatgcataatgcatgggca
cacagactcaaaccctctctcacacacatacacatatacattgttattcc
acacacaaggcataatcccagtgtccagtgcacatgcatacacgcacaca
ttcccttcctaggccactgtattgctttcctagggcatcttcttataaga
caccagtcgtataaggagcccaccccactcatctgagcttatcaaccaat
tacattaggaaagactgtatttcctagtaaggtcacattcagtagtactg
agggttgggacttcaacacagctttttgggggatcataattcaacccatg
acagccactgagattattatatctccagagaataaatgtgtggagttaaa
aggaagatacatgtggtacaaggggtggtaaggcaagggtaaaaggggag
ggaggggattgaactagacacagacacatgagcaggactttggggagtgt
gttttatatctgtcagatgcctagaacagcacctgaaatatgggactcaa
tcattttagtccccttctttctataagtgtgtgtgtgcggatatgtgtgc
tagatgttcttgctgtgttaggaggtgataaacatttgtccatgttatat
aggtggaaagggtcagactactaaattgtgaagacatcatctgtctgcat
ttattgagaatgtgaatatgaaacaagctgcaagtattctataaatgttc
actgttattagatattgtatgtctttgtgtccttttattcatgaattctt
gcacattatgaagaaagagtccatgtggtcagtgtcttacccggtgtagg
gtaaatgcacctgatagcaataacttaagcacacctttataatgacccta
tatggcagatgctcctgaatgtgtgtttcgagctagaaaatccgggagtg
gccaatcggagattcgtttcttatctataatagacatctgagcccctggc
ccatcccatgaaacccaggctgtagagaggattgaggccttaagttttgg
gttaaatgacagttgccaggtgtcgctcattagggaaaggggttaagtga
aaatgctgtataaactgcatgatgtttgcaggcagttgtggttttcctgc
ccagcctgccaccaccgggccatgcggatatgttgtccagcccaacacca
caggaccatttctgtatgtaagacaattctatccagcccgccacctctgg
actccctcccctgtatgtaagccctcaataaaaccccacgtctcttttgc
tggcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaa
>NM_198399 1
aacagattttaactctgaaaagccatttccagtgtctatagactattgtg
agcctggagaagtagcatttagttgggatagcttcactagagctgcctgc
caaagacttccttccacaggatcttgtcgcaccagcaactgacaggagct
tgggagctcgggagcttgggagagggcttatgtttttaataatgtagctg
tcagttcgaagcctggaaatgttgaccctcaaagggcataaaatcttgtt
attttaatttgcatctgggagaatgtctgagcaaggagacctgaatcagg
caatagcagaggaaggagggactgagcaggagacggccactccagagaac
ggcattgttaaatcagaaagtctggatgaagaggagaaactggaactgca
gaggcggctggaggctcagaatcaagaaagaagaaaatccaagtcaggag
caggaaaaggtaaactgactcgcagccttgctgtctgtgaggaatcttct
gccagaccaggaggtgaaagtcttcaggatcagactctctgaaaactgca
aatggaaaggaattcaaaagaatttagattaaaagttaaataaaaagtag
gcacagtagtgctgaattttcctcaaaggctctcttttgataaggctgaa
ccaaatataatcccaagtatcctctctccttccttgttggagatgtctta
cctctcagctccccaaaatgcacttgcctataagaaacacaattgctggt
tcatatgaaacttaggaaatagtgaataaggtgcatttaactttggagaa
atacttttatggctttggtggagatttctcaatactgcaaaagttgtcca
gaaatgaatctgagctgatggtgactttaagttaatattattaatatatc
actgcatatttttacccttatttttgctccttacagcaagattagtaggt
tataaaaatttaaatttaaacaaaattatttcatgacaaaatgggaaact
tcacatcatacttatttttgtttgcctttcaggcatcatattagctttta
taaaaaatggtcttgctgctgaaattgtacttattttatcagaggctggg
tgcagtcaagacaaaagtaaaatggtttacctgagcccaggggagggaaa
attgattaagatatcattatttttgtttggtttggttttgcttttttcct
cttactttaattgaaatactctgaattcccctcatggaaacagagagcat
tgagagcactttctttaaaaggaccaaaaataaattcctaatagattttg
tcctaagagagtgtttttttttctagcatcattttctttacatgccactc
atgtcataaggcatggacaggctatctttcagtggccattactatgtttc
gtacacatgctttattttacttgggctctgagaaatgtgtggctttcctt
cagcattttatttgtgcttctctttttaatggagattgaaaagggagaat
aatgtgaatatcacggcttatattattaaatgttgattgatggcttgtaa
tgtactgcacacaatatatgttaactctgcagaatgacagaccctgggag
aagtaatgccccagttgtcccccactcctaatgccaggcagagaaggaca
gcctttatagacttaatctgctttttgtcccatttgacaaggtaccagga
ggaaattttttaagggatcaactgtatcacagtgcccactctggacctaa
gtctagtgtatccatacaattggtgcagagaaataaggtgtaaatggtgc
tttgttcctgctggttccaagctcagaaaccaagactagctttgtaggag
agaatgagagcctgcaagcctctctttggattggctgaggagtggtggga
gcagggggttgatagaaaacatccagacacacatataagcaagtggccgt
gctacctttttagagaataaagaaacagacttttgagtttatatgcaatg
ccttcattaggtaccaccggcacttacaaaatgtgcggactgaatcccag
agaacactggcagatgtatacagtatatggattgtatcgcttccccaatg
tttgtaaattcacagtatttggaaaactgccttcattttccagtgtggga
aaaactcttgctacctgtattacttgatctcagacccatacctgatggtt
cagtctgtccttaagttaaaagaattttgcttttctaatgttatactatt
tacctgtcagtgtattactgcaacttgaatcactcttttactgttgttgg
atataaacttatcctgtaccaatgtatttattaacacttgtattttatta
ttgagcatatcaataaaaatattaaaaaataacagattgttttttaccaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaa
>NR_026816 1
caacccactctctgtgctatgacttcattactctttcccagcccagccct
gggcaagccccttacgaagtctcaggctacctggatgaccaccctttctt
atgatgctgcaaggagggcaggtgggcagagccccgtgcatcctgggctc
aggccagggacccaagagcttgggagaagctggttctcagactgaaggcc
agagcccagcaccttgtcaccatcccggggagcatcatggcacacaacaa
ccagagccaaggctacagctagagagttgactcctctatttgagattgac
aggcctcggaagtcaaaataagtggtttcctagaccgggtcgagagcaag
tctctattggtcccaactgagttttttcagctggtttttcaaccaaacag
cacctcatctcccagtgaggggaagggaaggctgggctgagagcagcaag
gctgctcatctcacctctccccacccagccatgccagccgcctcacctgg
tggggagaggtgggcctcacctgggtcccctggcagtgctctgtgaaggg
tcttgacattgcactgtaataataaaggtgtgtgtgaagtatcaaaaaaa
>NR_027917 1
atgaagatgattgagcagcacaatcaggaatacagggaagggaaacacag
cttcacaatggccatgaacgcctttggagaaatgaccagtgaagaattca
ggcaggtggtgaatggctttcaaaaccagaagcacaggaaggggaaagtg
ctccaggaacctctgcttcatgacatccgcaaatctgtggattggagaga
gaaaggctacgtgactcctgtgaaggatcagtgcagctggggctctgtaa
ggacagatgttaggaaaactgagaaactagtttcactgagtgtgcagacc
tggtggactgctctaggcttcaaggcaatgttggctgcatttttggagaa
ccattattttgcttccagtatgttgccgacaatggaggcctggactctga
ggaatccttttcatatgaagaaaagctctggagactggaaagtccaaggt
cacagaggtgcatctggtgagagccttcttgctagtggggaatctcagca
gagtcctgaggtggcacagtattctgggaagcatcaagtgcagtgtcatc
ttatcgaggaggctctgcagatgctaagtggtggggatgaggatcacgat
gaagacaaatggccccatgacatgaggaatcatctggctggagaggccca
ggtgtag
>NR_002777 3
cttgtcctttcagaagatcagagacaagtgatatctgtgccaatttggcc
ttttcagtgttataattatggtgtcttgggatcccaatatttctcctaat
gtttccctgatgtgatactttgagagcccaggatgccagtacaataattg
aaattcacaaatgtctggtatcttgtccctcgtgccccatatattatctg
tggtttcggagagctcacttgtctcttatcttcagaaatgacagcacatg
aaatgttgtttggagccactgtcacatcaactgtagaaaaattaacaggt
cagctaagggatataatgtaactttatttgtgatatgagagaaatcttga
taaagacttgagagaaaactgggaggaaccttgtttagaagttataagga
ggggtaagttatgtgtgtcttggaaggagaatcataaatcttaaaacatg
agcctaatagagaacataaaattctaaaagataaagataataataatgat
aagccgcagggtggcttatgataatgtgacttctccttaccccagtagcg
tcggacatctgtcagctctgaaatgataaaaatgcacaatattgaataca
aacaaaggagtcagcactgaaattcattttctctccagattagggaaaga
gtaggtatgccctatggtagggcagtaaattgctgaatgatgagatgaaa
cagccacctagccatttcccattaaatataatcccatcagcagcagacaa
tatctatcctcccctatcccctctatccatatttggaaactgcaccctct
tccctatttagcaccctaacaccacttgaattccataaccctgttgttga
tctagctctcctcacctctaaacacttctagcattcctttcagatcagga
gctcgaaacactctcctttgattttttggaaaagtttctggcttcttcaa
ggtcacgttctccgtcctaagaattaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacttccaaa
cctttgaccttgtgtccgtggaacacccctgacttcctatcatttcaacc
cattgaggcacttgaactctcttcttggggatcctgagaagggagagtgc
aaactcttgaccctggaggcaaacaaaatgttctcatgtttgccttccca
cttactttctgtgagaacgtgggaagatcttaacctctcagaagcacagt
ttcttccttctaaaatgaaataattaacctctccctgtctacattcttaa
actcataggacataaaaaaaaaaaaaa
>NR_033769 1
ggcctctggcgggcctccagccagttagaccatttgactaggacgtgtgc
agctcagccagccacagaactggaatttttcaggagcagggggagcatgg
agtttggactttgctgagcaactgaagtggagcgcagagcttgctcgctt
aggagagggcagcatggatggcaaacaagggggcatggatgggagcaagc
ccacggggccaagagactctcctgacaccaggcttctttcaaacccattg
atgggtgattctgtgtctgattggtctcctatgcctgaagctgcaatcta
cggacatcagctgtctctgaggaacctcatcagccacgggtggcttgtga
acatcatcatggcagatcatgtttccccactccatgaagcctgtctcaga
ggtcatccctctcgtgtaaagattttattaaagcatggagctcaggtgaa
tggcgtgacaacagactggcacactccactgtttaatgtttgtatcagca
gcagctgggattatgcttctgcagcatggagccagcgttcaacctgagag
tgatctggcatcccccgtccatgaagctgctaggagaggccacgtggagt
gtgtcgactctcttacagcttataggggcaaaaatgaccataacatcagc
cacgtgggcacttcactgtatttggcttgtgaaaaccagcagatagcctg
tgtcaagaagcttctggagtcaggagcagacctgaacccagggagaggtt
ccccacttcatgcagtggccttcatgaaggccctcatgaaggattcccca
cttcatgcagtggccaggacagccagtgaagagctggcctgcctgctcat
ggattttggagcagacacccaggccaagaatgctgaaggcaaatgtcatg
tggagctggtgcctccagagagccctttgatccagctcttcttggagaga
gaagggcccccttcttttgatgcagttatgcctagaaatcagaagggctt
tggaatccagcagcatcataagataaccaaagtcgtcctcccagaggatc
tgaaatggtttctcctacatctttgtatgtatcaatggaatggattcaca
aacaatgtgaaaacattattgagtgttgtagccactagaattttaaaatc
aagttaggtttatagagtttgactagttttttcgattagatttgtattag
ttataaatttgttcatagagtttgactaattttttcgattagatttgtat
ttgttaaactctgaagccagagtttaaacacactgcatacgtttgtatga
ttagttagaaggcatgaagacttttttccctgcttggagactgtctaaaa
taacagctattgttttgcatatccactgcaggccaagcactttcagcatc
atctaattcagccctcacagcaactgggtcaatctgtccaatttcccagg
gcaaggatagaggagtcagattcaaatacaggttttctgacgttaactta
tgtgatgatttgatcaaagcaggattttccagcatcactatccttgttcc
atctctgctatatgggaatgaaaataaagaaatgtatttcaaaaaaataa
aaagaaaagaaaaacagagacggtc
>NM_016326 3
atgcgcgcaagagagcgggaagccgagctgggcgagaagtaggggagggc
ggtgctccgccgcggtggcggttgctatcgcttcgcagaacctactcagg
cagccagctgagaagagttgagggaaagtgctgctgctgggtctgcagac
gcgatggataacgtgcagccgaaaataaaacatcgccccttctgcttcag
tgtgaaaggccacgtgaagatgctgcggctggtgtttgcacttgtgacag
cagtatgctgtcttgccgacggggcccttatttaccggaagcttctgttc
aatcccagcggtccttaccagaaaaagcctgtgcatgaaaaaaaagaagt
tttgtaattttatattactttttagtttgatactaagtattaaacatatt
tctgtattcttccacatattttctgcagttattttaactcagtataggag
ctagaggaagagatttccgaagtctgcaccccgcgcagagcactactgta
acttccaagggagcgctgggagcagcgggatcgggttttccggcacccgg
gcctgggtggcagggaagaatgtgccgggatccgcctcagggatctttga
atctctttactgcctggctggccggcagctccg
>NM_181641 2
atgcgcgcaagagagcgggaagccgagctgggcgagaagtaggggagggc
ggtgctccgccgcggtggcggttgctatcgcttcgcagaacctactcagg
cagccagctgagaagagttgagggaaagtgctgctgctgggtctgcagac
gcgatggataacgtgcagccgaaaataaaacatcgccccttctgcttcag
tgtgaaaggccacgtgaagatgctgcggctggcactaactgtgacatcta
tgaccttttttatcatcgcacaagcccctgaaccatatattgttatcact
ggatttgaagtcaccgttatcttatttttcatacttttatatgtactcag
acttgatcgattaatgaagtggttattttggcctttgcttgtgtttgcac
ttgtgacagcagtatgctgtcttgccgacggggcccttatttaccggaag
cttctgttcaatcccagcggtccttaccagaaaaagcctgtgcatgaaaa
aaaagaagttttgtaattttatattactttttagtttgatactaagtatt
aaacatatttctgtattcttccacatattttctgcagttattttaactca
gtataggagctagaggaagagatttccgaagtctgcaccccgcgcagagc
actactgtaacttccaagggagcgctgggagcagcgggatcgggttttcc
ggcacccgggcctgggtggcagggaagaatgtgccgggatccgcctcagg
gatctttgaatctctttactgcctggctggccggcagctccg
>NM_001144931 1
gtttccgttcctctgcccgccatgccgttcctagagctgcacacgaattt
ccccgccaaccgagtgcccgcggggctggagaaacggctgtgcgccgtcg
ctgcctccatcttgggcaaacctgcagaccttgtgaacgtgacggtacgg
ccgggcctggccagggcgctgagcgggtccaccgagccctgcgcgcagct
gtccatctcctccatcggcgtagtgggcaccgccgaggacaaccgcagcc
acagtgcccacttctttgagtttctcaccaaggagctagccctgggccag
gaccggtgcgcaggggtagtaggcccggaatattattctaaaacacaatc
agagtactccattcctgctaacagtttaaagccaaacacctaggcaggcc
atttaggcttctgaatgactgggtcttgaccaggagagctgctgtctagg
ttttctcttcctgaccagttcctcaagagaaatgcaaaactagtgattaa
cagtaagagtcaggcagggcgcggtggctcacgcctgtaatcccagcact
ttgggaggccgag
>NR_029429 1
ggacaccaccccaaaatttcctagtcctctttgatacgggttcctccaat
ctgtagctgccctccatctactgccagagccaagtctgctccaatcacaa
caggttcaatcccagcctgtcctccaccttcagaaacgatggacaaacct
atggactatcctatgggagtggcagcctgagtgtgttcctgggctatgac
actgtgactgttcataacatcgttgtcaataaccaggagtttggcctgag
tgagaatgagcccagcgaccccttttactattcagactttgacgggatcc
tgggaatggcctacccaaacatggcagaggggaattcccctacagtaatg
caggggatgctgcagcagagccagcttactcagcccgtcttcagcttcta
cttcacctgccagccaacccgccagtattgtggagagctcatccttggag
gtgtggaccccaactttattctggtcagatcatctggacccctgtcagcc
cgtaactgtactggcagattgccatcgaggaatttgccatcggtaaccag
gccactggcttgtgctctgagggttgccaggccattgtggataccgagac
cttcctgc
>NR_026551 1
tgtggcctgagaggacggccaggactggccagaaaagagagggacgtggc
taaacgtgagggggcgtggccaagatggccgcgtgcgggatcctcgggta
ccgggagcgaacgaggaggttctggctcagtgcatccactctgggagagc
gtggacctggttcctgggggcgatcgccagtcacccatcaacattcggtg
gagggacagtgtttatgatcccggcttaaaaccactgaccatctcttatg
acccagccacctgcctccacgtctggaataatgggtactctttcctcgtg
gaatttgaagattctacagataaatcagctgcacttagtgcattggaacg
cagtcaaatttgaaaactttgaggatgcagcactggaagaaaatggtttg
gctgtgataggagtatttttaaagatttcggaaacttctggcagcccagt
gtctactggaaggcccaagccgcttgccagaaagctgcgccccgcccaaa
agcactgggttctgcagtccaggcccttcctcagctcccaggtccaggag
aactgcaaggtcacctacttccacaggaagcactgggtccgcatccggcc
cctccgcaccactcctcccagctgggactacacccgcatctgcatccaga
gagagatggtccccgcccgcatccgcgtcctgagagagatggtccccgag
gcctggaggtgctttcccaacaggctgccgctgctgagcaacatcaggcc
tgatttctccaaggctcccctggcctacgtgaagcggtggctttggaccg
cccgccacccccacagcctgtccgcagcctggtgaccgtgaaaatcgccc
cgccagagagcagaggaagcccgacgcccaggccatctgccttcaggtct
gtgatgagaaacggagtggcctgttccgttgtgcccaggtctaggccgct
gagcagagccctcactcccaggcagagttgtctgaatccttcct
>NM_181640 2
atgcgcgcaagagagcgggaagccgagctgggcgagaagtaggggagggc
ggtgctccgccgcggtggcggttgctatcgcttcgcagaacctactcagg
cagccagctgagaagagttgagggaaagtgctgctgctgggtctgcagac
gcgatggataacgtgcagccgaaaataaaacatcgccccttctgcttcag
tgtgaaaggccacgtgaagatgctgcggctggatattatcaactcactgg
taacaacagtattcatgctcatcgtatctgtgttggcactgataccagaa
accacaacattgacagttggtggaggggtgtttgcacttgtgacagcagt
atgctgtcttgccgacggggcccttatttaccggaagcttctgttcaatc
ccagcggtccttaccagaaaaagcctgtgcatgaaaaaaaagaagttttg
taattttatattactttttagtttgatactaagtattaaacatatttctg
tattcttccacatattttctgcagttattttaactcagtataggagctag
aggaagagatttccgaagtctgcaccccgcgcagagcactactgtaactt
ccaagggagcgctgggagcagcgggatcgggttttccggcacccgggcct
gggtggcagggaagaatgtgccgggatccgcctcagggatctttgaatct
ctttactgcctggctggccggcagctccg
>NM_016951 3
atgcgcgcaagagagcgggaagccgagctgggcgagaagtaggggagggc
ggtgctccgccgcggtggcggttgctatcgcttcgcagaacctactcagg
cagccagctgagaagagttgagggaaagtgctgctgctgggtctgcagac
gcgatggataacgtgcagccgaaaataaaacatcgccccttctgcttcag
tgtgaaaggccacgtgaagatgctgcggctggcactaactgtgacatcta
tgaccttttttatcatcgcacaagcccctgaaccatatattgttatcact
ggatttgaagtcaccgttatcttatttttcatacttttatatgtactcag
acttgatcgattaatgaagtggttattttggcctttgcttgatattatca
actcactggtaacaacagtattcatgctcatcgtatctgtgttggcactg
ataccagaaaccacaacattgacagttggtggaggggtgtttgcacttgt
gacagcagtatgctgtcttgccgacggggcccttatttaccggaagcttc
tgttcaatcccagcggtccttaccagaaaaagcctgtgcatgaaaaaaaa
gaagttttgtaattttatattactttttagtttgatactaagtattaaac
atatttctgtattcttccacatattttctgcagttattttaactcagtat
aggagctagaggaagagatttccgaagtctgcaccccgcgcagagcacta
ctgtaacttccaagggagcgctgggagcagcgggatcgggttttccggca
cccgggcctgggtggcagggaagaatgtgccgggatccgcctcagggatc
tttgaatctctttactgcctggctggccggcagctccg
>NR_002773 1
cagcaccacaccaggaccctccagaggctgtgagaaacatcctgcaccca
ggtcctctctatctgtttatcattgtctattttgtattctgcattcagaa
ccaagagcctgaagacgacccaggagctttagctatggctgtcttcatta
ttttgtccctgtttagtgttctggtgacaggcatgggtgaaggtggggct
gggagtgagaaaggaggtgagagggaatgtaagctgaaccagcttcccca
ttgcccctccgtatctcccagtgcccagccttggacacaccctggccaga
gccagctgtttgcagacctgagccgagaggagctgacggctgtgatgcgc
tttctgacccagcagctggggccagggctggtggatgcagcccaggccca
gccctcggacaactgtgtcttctcagtggagttgcagctgcctcccaagg
ctgcagccctggctcacttggacagggggagccccccacctgcccgggag
gcactggccatcgtcttctttggcaggcaaccccagcccaacgtgagtga
gctggtggtggggccactgcctcacccctcctacatgcgggacgtgactg
tggagcgtcatggaggccccctgccctatcaccgacgccccatgttgttc
caagagtacctggacatagaccagatgatcttcgacagagagctgcccca
ggcttctgggcttctccatcactgttgcttctacaagcgccggggacgga
acctggtgacaatgaccacggctccccgtggtctgcaatcaggggaccgg
gccacctagtttggcctctactacaacatctcgggcgctgggttcttcct
gcaccacgtgggcttggagctgctagtgaaccacaaggcccttgaccctg
cccgctggactatccagaaggtgttctatcaaggccgctactatgacagc
ctggcccagctggaggcccagtttgaggccggcctggtgaatgtggtgct
gatcccagacaatggcacaggtgggtcctggtccctgaagtcccctgtgc
ccccgggtccagctccccctctgcagttccatccccaaggcccccgcttc
agtgtccagggaagtcgagtggcctcctcactgtggactttctcctttgg
cctcggagcattcagtggcccaaggatctttgacgttcccttccaagggg
agagggtggcctatgaagtcagtgtccaggcggccttggccatctatgga
ggcaattctccttctgctctacgaagccggtacatagatagtggctttgg
cttgggccacttctccacgcccctgacccatggggtggactgcccctacc
tggccacctacgtggactggcacttcctttttgagtcccaggccgccaag
acaatacgcgatgccttttgtatatttgaacagaaccagggcctccccct
gcggcgacaccactcagatctctactcccactactttgggggccttgcgg
aaacggtgctggtcatcagatctgtgtctactatgctcaactatgactat
gtgtgggatatggtcttccaccctaatggggccatagaaatcagactcca
caccaccggctacatcagctcagcattcccctttggtgctgcccagaggt
atggaaacaaagtttcagagcacaccctgggcacggtccacacccacagc
gcccacttcaaggtggacctggatgtagcaggtaaggcatcctggcagag
gcaaaagtgctggaggggtgagctgaagtctccatgcctagctttaaaag
ttttcgttgggctgggagcagtagcttatgcctgtaagcccaacactttg
ggagactgaggggggtggatcacttgaggtcaggagttcaaaaccagcct
ggccaacatggcgaaatcctgtctgtactaaaaatacaaaaattagctgg
gcatgggtatgctgtaatcctagctactcgggaggctgaggcaggagaat
cacttgaatctgggagtcagaggttgcagtgagctgagattgagccactg
cactccatcctgcgtgactgaac
>NR_037806 1
attcccagtcacccactcactcagaaagccgggagtcatcggacaccttg
ctggtcagaggtcctgggggtggttttgaaccatcagagcttggactttt
ctgacttccccagcaaggatcttcccacttcctgctccctgtgttcccac
cctccagtgttggcacaggcccacccctggctccaccagagccagaagca
gaggtagaatcaggcgggccccgggctgcactccgagcagtgttcctggc
catctttgctactttcctagagaacccggctgttgccttaaatgtgtgag
agggacttggccaaggcaaaagctggggagatgccagtgacaacatacag
ttcatgactaggtttaggaattgggcactgagaaaattctcaatatttca
gagagtccttcccttatttgggactcttaacacggtatcctcgctagttg
gttttaagggaaacactctgctcctgggtgtgagcagaggctctggtctt
gccctgtggtttgactctccttagaaccaccgcccaccagaaacataaag
gattaaaatcacactaataacccctggatggtcaatctgataataggatc
agatttacgtctaccctaattcttaacattgcagctttctctccatctgc
agattattcccagtctcccagtaacacgtttctacccagatcctttttca
tttccttaagttttgatctccgtcttcctgatgaagcaggcagagctcag
aggatcttggcatcacccaccaaagttagctgaaagcagggcactcctgg
ataaagcagcttcactcaactctggggaatgctaccattttttttccaaa
gtagaaaggaagcacttctgagccagtgaccactgaaagatgaacactct
tcctgatcctctcctctagaattcatctcctcctgctagcagccgcgtcc
tggaggagcagcggatggggaatccattctgtttcttcctggtgtttagg
aagttgccccacacacagattgccccgatgtccaaccagaagaagtgaaa
ctgctgctgggtctggagaggtgaagacccgtggccagcttctgttgttg
ccatcggccattgctttttgttcgcttgcttttggttttgcaagaagagc
ggcctctgtctctgatctgcttcaaatcatcattccatcagtgacagaag
tggctgttccatcagtggtcgcagccagttcagctcctgcatccatcccc
aagtgttctgagtggaatttgaggcctccccaaccacctaccaaaaaagg
agggtgaaatgaaaggaagaagaaaaactcagcattctttcctctgacaa
agagtaaaacgacaaggaatatcggcctgaattctcttcccaagaagaaa
gaaagcacaccaacgcaggcatttgtcttctgtccatggtgctgaagttt
attcactttcaaaccactttcagtaacagcaaattctttagaaaaggaaa
atacagggaaagggataaacctcactgacttggaggaaatcaagaggagt
gagcacagcatcagaaagccccctggccccagactgcacccgctttcctg
gccctaccttgaaatccatcaggtctgcgttggacacggcattgtacatg
ggattagctctg

任何帮助和输入将不胜感激。

感谢您花时间解决我的问题！

4

2 回答 2

2

我认为这种工作方式不是将序列分成三部分，而是$pattern在完整序列中查找所有出现的 ，并确定模式从哪三分之一开始。

内置变量$-[0]包含最近成功匹配的开始偏移量。

下面的代码做了我认为你想要的。它通过累积每个序列（当找到新序列 ID 或到达文件末尾时结束）并将其传递给process_seq子例程来工作。

该子例程获取序列的长度并计算字符串每三分之一末尾的偏移量。惯用语sprintf '%.0f', $value用于将小数值四舍五入到最近的字符位置。

该数组针对序列中的@counts每次出现进行调整。$regex要增加的元素@counts是通过将匹配的起始位置与$-[0]序列的三个段中的每一个的结束偏移量进行比较来确定的。

处理完每个序列后，会将其中的值@counts累加到其中@totals，以给出所有序列的总体数字。

显示了使用样本数据时程序的输出。总和是(9, 1, 6)。

use strict;
use warnings;

my $gpat = '[G]{3,5}';
my $npat = '[A-Z]{1,25}';
my $pattern = $gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat; 
my $regex = qr/$pattern/i;

open my $fh, '<', 'sequences.txt' or die $!;

my ($id, $seq);
my @totals = (0, 0, 0);

while (<$fh>) {

  chomp;

  if (/^>(\w+)/) {
    process_seq($seq) if $id;
    $id = $1;
    $seq = '';
    print "$id\n";
  }
  elsif ($id) {
    $seq .= $_;
    process_seq($seq) if eof;
  }
}

print "Total: @totals\n";



sub process_seq {

  my $sequence = shift;
  my $length = length $sequence;

  my @offsets = map {sprintf '%.0f', $length * $_ / 3} 1..3;

  my @counts = (0, 0, 0);

  while ($sequence =~ /$regex/g) {
    my $place = $-[0];
    for my $i (0..2) {
      next if $place >= $offsets[$i];
      $counts[$i]++;
      last;
    }
  }

  print "@counts\n\n";
  $totals[$_] += $counts[$_] for 0..2;
}

输出

NR_037701
0 0 1

NM_198399
1 0 0

NR_026816
1 0 1

NR_027917
0 0 0

NR_002777
0 0 0

NR_033769
1 0 0

NM_016326
1 0 1

NM_181641
1 0 1

NM_001144931
0 0 0

NR_029429
0 1 0

NR_026551
1 0 0

NM_181640
1 0 1

NM_016951
1 0 1

NR_002773
1 0 0

NR_037806
0 0 0

Total: 9 1 6
于 2012-06-26T11:30:55.280 回答
2

我解除了 Borodin 的 process_seq 函数，但使用 Bio:SeqIO 逐序列读取文件，这比手动逐行读取和确定各种处理的逻辑具有优势。我认为这些优势是：

  • 由许多其他人开发和测试的代码
  • 只要有可能，如果通过 Bio::SeqIO 模块完成输出，则可以使用 Bio::SeqIO read ( next_seq) 方法读取结果文件。
  • 我现在想不出的其他原因:-)

我想生物遗传代码模块的 BioPerl 包对于开始编程的生物学家来说一定是压倒性的。他可能不愿意尝试挖掘他开始构建程序所需的信息。BioPerl wiki是一个很好的起点，尤其是 Howto 部分，然后是针对初学者和其他人的 how to。您会发现大部分（？）有用的代码示例。Bio::Seq在开头有一些很好的代码示例，并且是大多数通用序列函数所在的地方。此外，对于输入/输出，使用了Bio::SeqIO模块，它在手册的开头有示例。

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Bio::SeqIO;

my $gpat = '[G]{3,5}'; 
my $npat = '[A-Z]{1,25}'; 
my $pattern = $gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat.$npat.$gpat;  
my $regex = qr/$pattern/i; 

my $in = Bio::SeqIO->new ( -file   => "fasta_dat.txt",
                           -format => 'fasta');
my @totals;
while ( my $seq = $in->next_seq() ) {
    process($seq);
}

print "Totals:   ";
print "@totals\n";

sub process {
    my $seq = shift;
    my @offset = map {sprintf '%.0f', $seq->length * $_ / 3} 1..3;
    my $sequence = $seq->seq;

    my @count = (0,0,0);
    while ($sequence =~ /$regex/g) {
        my $place = $-[0];
        for my $i (0 .. 2) {
            next if $place >= $offset[$i];
            $count[$i]++;
            last;
        }
    }
    print $seq->id, "\n@count\n";
    $totals[$_] += $count[$_] for 0 .. $#count; 
}
于 2012-06-27T03:47:37.050 回答