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嗨，我正在尝试为我的 django Web 应用程序编写一些单元测试，但是在尝试运行测试时遇到了一些数据库问题。我在某些地方使用 Factory Boy 来为测试创建实例（https://github.com/dnerdy/factory_boy 是存储库），但是当我尝试运行测试时遇到了一些问题。我收到数据库错误，例如：当我尝试运行测试时没有这样的列，并且当我尝试运行 ./manage.py syncdb 时表已经退出错误（我将在下面包含实际错误）。我使用默认的 sqlite3 数据库设置进行测试，因此创建测试数据库以运行测试，然后自动销毁。

这是我的 settings.py 文件的相关部分

if 'test' in sys.argv or 'jenkins' in sys.argv:
DATABASES = {
             'default': {
                         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
                         'NAME': 'test_ndptc'
                         }
             }

这是引发错误的模型。

class CourseManager(models.Manager):
def get_query_set(self):
    return super(CourseManager, self).get_query_set().order_by('CourseName')

class Course(models.Model):
"""
"""
CourseName = models.CharField(max_length=80)
ShortName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
CourseNumber = models.CharField(max_length=50)
TrainingProvider = models.ForeignKey(TrainingProvider)
TrainingType = models.ForeignKey(TrainingType)
CourseType = models.ForeignKey(CourseType)
ModuleCount = models.IntegerField()
ContactHours = models.CharField(max_length=5)
Certified = models.BooleanField()
Description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
TargetAudience = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
Prerequisites = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
Requirements = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
Icon2d = models.FileField(upload_to='icons/', null=True, blank=True)
Icon3d = models.FileField(upload_to='icons/', null=True, blank=True)
Status = models.IntegerField(null=True)
UpdateUser = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True)
UpdateDate = models.DateField(null=True)
Featured = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='is featured?')

objects = CourseManager()

这是发生错误的工厂。

class TestFactory(factory.Factory):
FACTORY_FOR = Test

Course = random.choice(Course.objects.all())
EffectiveDate = '01/01/2012'
Type = random.choice(TestType.objects.all())
Label = 'test_label'
Status = 1
UpdateUser = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda a: UserFactory())
UpdateDate = '01/01/2012'

最后，这是我运行 ./manage.py test 时发生的错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./manage.py", line 11, in <module>
execute_manager(settings)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-   py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 438, in execute_manager
utility.execute()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 379, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/base.py", line 191, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/base.py", line 220, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 37, in handle
failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/test/simple.py", line 358, in run_tests
suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests)
File "/home/brandon/course-management/Testing/runner.py", line 17, in build_suite
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromNames(test_labels)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/unittest/loader.py", line 128, in loadTestsFromNames
suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/unittest/loader.py", line 91, in loadTestsFromName
module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
File "/home/brandon/course-management/Testing/admin_tests.py", line 5, in <module>
from Testing.Factories.course_factory import *
File "/home/brandon/course-management/Testing/Factories/course_factory.py", line 19, in <module>
class TestFactory(factory.Factory):
File "/home/brandon/course-management/Testing/Factories/course_factory.py", line 22, in TestFactory
Course = random.choice(Course.objects.all())
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 274, in choice
return seq[int(self.random() * len(seq))]  # raises IndexError if seq is empty
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/db/models/query.py", line 82, in __len__
self._result_cache = list(self.iterator())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/db/models/query.py", line 273, in iterator
for row in compiler.results_iter():
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 680, in results_iter
for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 735, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.7.egg/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 234, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.DatabaseError: no such column: Course_course.ShortName
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1 回答 1

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我认为 random.choice 在一个空列表上运行。我认为您可以使用惰性属性，例如

@factory.lazy_attribute
def course(a):
    """ Creates a course if none exist
    """
    if Course.objects.count() == 0:
        course = CourseFactory()
        return course
    else:
        return random.choice(Course.objects.all())
于 2012-12-31T00:29:58.283 回答