带着类似的要求来到这里:
在某个包中有一些正在开发的服务类,它们实现了一个公共接口,并希望在运行时检测它们。
部分问题是在特定包中查找类,其中应用程序可能从 jar 文件或从包/文件夹结构中的解包类加载。
所以我把来自 amicnh 和anonymous的解决方案放在一起。
// Retrieve classes of a package and it's nested package from file based class repository
package esc;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarInputStream;
public class GetClasses
{
private static boolean debug = false;
/**
* test function with assumed package esc.util
*/
public static void main(String... args)
{
try
{
final Class<?>[] list = getClasses("esc.util");
for (final Class<?> c : list)
{
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
}
catch (final IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Scans all classes accessible from the context class loader which belong to the given package and subpackages.
*
* @precondition Thread Class loader attracts class and jar files, exclusively
* @precondition Classes with static code sections are executed, when loaded and thus must not throw exceptions
*
* @param packageName
* [in] The base package path, dot-separated
*
* @return The classes of package /packageName/ and nested packages
*
* @throws IOException,
* ClassNotFoundException not applicable
*
* @author Sam Ginrich, http://www.java2s.com/example/java/reflection/recursive-method-used-to-find-all-classes-in-a-given-directory-and-sub.html
*
*/
public static Class<?>[] getClasses(String packageName) throws IOException
{
final ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
assert classLoader != null;
if (debug)
{
System.out.println("Class Loader class is " + classLoader.getClass().getName());
}
final String packagePath = packageName.replace('.', '/');
final Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources(packagePath);
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
while (resources.hasMoreElements())
{
final URL resource = resources.nextElement();
final String proto = resource.getProtocol();
if ("file".equals(proto))
{
classes.addAll(findFileClasses(new File(resource.getFile()), packageName));
}
else if ("jar".equals(proto))
{
classes.addAll(findJarClasses(resource));
}
else
{
System.err.println("Protocol " + proto + " not supported");
continue;
}
}
return classes.toArray(new Class[classes.size()]);
}
/**
* Linear search for classes of a package from a jar file
*
* @param packageResource
* [in] Jar URL of the base package, i.e. file URL bested in jar URL
*
* @return The classes of package /packageResource/ and nested packages
*
* @throws -
*
* @author amicngh, Sam Ginrich@stackoverflow.com
*/
private static List<Class<?>> findJarClasses(URL packageResource)
{
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
try
{
System.out.println("Jar URL Path is " + packageResource.getPath());
final URL fileUrl = new URL(packageResource.getPath());
final String proto = fileUrl.getProtocol();
if ("file".equals(proto))
{
final String filePath = fileUrl.getPath().substring(1); // skip leading /
final int jarTagPos = filePath.indexOf(".jar!/");
if (jarTagPos < 0)
{
System.err.println("Non-conformant jar file reference " + filePath + " !");
}
else
{
final String packagePath = filePath.substring(jarTagPos + 6);
final String jarFilename = filePath.substring(0, jarTagPos + 4);
if (debug)
{
System.out.println("Package " + packagePath);
System.out.println("Jar file " + jarFilename);
}
final String packagePrefix = packagePath + '/';
try
{
final JarInputStream jarFile = new JarInputStream(
new FileInputStream(jarFilename));
JarEntry jarEntry;
while (true)
{
jarEntry = jarFile.getNextJarEntry();
if (jarEntry == null)
{
break;
}
final String classPath = jarEntry.getName();
if (classPath.startsWith(packagePrefix) && classPath.endsWith(".class"))
{
final String className = classPath
.substring(0, classPath.length() - 6).replace('/', '.');
if (debug)
{
System.out.println("Found entry " + jarEntry.getName());
}
try
{
classes.add(Class.forName(className));
}
catch (final ClassNotFoundException x)
{
System.err.println("Cannot load class " + className);
}
}
}
jarFile.close();
}
catch (final Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
else
{
System.err.println("Nested protocol " + proto + " not supprted!");
}
}
catch (final MalformedURLException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return classes;
}
/**
* Recursive method used to find all classes in a given directory and subdirs.
*
* @param directory
* The base directory
* @param packageName
* The package name for classes found inside the base directory
* @return The classes
* @author http://www.java2s.com/example/java/reflection/recursive-method-used-to-find-all-classes-in-a-given-directory-and-sub.html
* @throws -
*
*/
private static List<Class<?>> findFileClasses(File directory, String packageName)
{
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
if (!directory.exists())
{
System.err.println("Directory " + directory.getAbsolutePath() + " does not exist.");
return classes;
}
final File[] files = directory.listFiles();
if (debug)
{
System.out.println("Directory "
+ directory.getAbsolutePath()
+ " has "
+ files.length
+ " elements.");
}
for (final File file : files)
{
if (file.isDirectory())
{
assert !file.getName().contains(".");
classes.addAll(findFileClasses(file, packageName + "." + file.getName()));
}
else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class"))
{
final String className = packageName
+ '.'
+ file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6);
try
{
classes.add(Class.forName(className));
}
catch (final ClassNotFoundException cnf)
{
System.err.println("Cannot load class " + className);
}
}
}
return classes;
}
}