TL;DR:我想使用平铺在 SVG 精灵表中的几个图标作为 CSS 背景图像,它们保持它们的纵横比并自动缩放以填充父元素,只使用 SVG 和 CSS。请不要使用 JavaScript。
所以我有一个 SVG 格式的 spritesheet,我结合了SVG-Edit和一些在 Notepad++ 中的手工编码。这是源代码:
<svg version="1.1"
xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="600"
height="400"
viewBox="0 0 600 400">
<!-- Created with SVG-edit - http://svg-edit.googlecode.com/ -->
<title>chosen_sprite</title>
<g>
<title>Add</title>
<rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="5" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
<line id="svg_2" y2="50" x2="70" y1="50" x1="30" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
<line id="svg_3" y2="30" x2="50" y1="70" x1="50" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Delete</title>
<rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="105" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
<line id="svg_2" y2="70" x2="170" y1="30" x1="130" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#ff0000" fill="none"/>
<line id="svg_3" y2="30" x2="170" y1="70" x1="130" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#ff0000" fill="none"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Expand Dark</title>
<rect stroke="#505050" id="svg_1" height="90" width="90" y="5" x="205" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="250" y1="65" x2="280" y2="35" id="svg_2"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="220" y1="35" x2="250" y2="65" id="svg_3"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Collapse Dark</title>
<rect stroke="#505050" height="90" width="90" y="5" x="305" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none" id="svg_4"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="350" y1="35" x2="380" y2="65" id="svg_5"/>
<line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="320" y1="65" x2="350" y2="35" id="svg_6"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Expand Green</title>
<rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="405" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
<line id="svg_2" y2="35" x2="480" y1="65" x1="450" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
<line id="svg_3" y2="65" x2="450" y1="35" x1="420" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Collapse Green</title>
<rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="505" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
<line id="svg_2" y2="65" x2="580" y1="35" x1="550" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
<line id="svg_3" y2="35" x2="550" y1="65" x1="520" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Search</title>
<circle id="svg_9" r="32" cy="140" cx="60" stroke-width="8" stroke="#000000" fill="none"/>
<line id="svg_11" y2="167.5" x2="32.5" y1="190" x1="10" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#000000" fill="none"/>
</g>
<g>
<title>Search 2</title>
<rect id="svg_10" stroke="#505050" height="90" width="90" y="105" x="105" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none"/>
<circle r="25" cy="142.5" cx="157.5" stroke-width="8" stroke="#000000" fill="none" id="svg_7"/>
<line y2="165" x2="135" y1="180" x1="120" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#000000" fill="none" id="svg_8"/>
</g>
</svg>
它工作正常,看起来像我想要的那样。
问题是CSS。在 spritesheet 中定义单元格比我希望的要复杂一些。这是我在其中显示这些图标的页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}
html {width: 100%; height: 100%;}
body {width: 100%; height: 100%;}
.svgSprite {
background-image: url('./svgicons/form_icons_sprite.svg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 600%;
}
.svgSprite.add {
background-position: 0px 0px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.delete {
background-position: -16px 0px;
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
}
.svgSprite.expandDark {
background-position: -24px 0px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.collapseDark {
background-position: -36px 0px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.expandGreen {
background-position: -48px 0px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.collapseGreen {
background-position: -60px 0px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.search {
background-position: 0px -12px;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
}
.svgSprite.search2 {
background-position: -16px -16px;
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="svgSprite add"></div>
<div class="svgSprite delete"></div>
<div class="svgSprite expandDark"></div>
<div class="svgSprite collapseDark"></div>
<div class="svgSprite expandGreen"></div>
<div class="svgSprite collapseGreen"></div>
<div class="svgSprite search"></div>
<div class="svgSprite search2"></div>
</body>
</html>
基本上,我想知道是否有更简单的方法来定义 spritesheet 中的单元格并简化我用来告诉每个 div 从 spritesheet 显示哪个图标的 CSS。
我更希望这个解决方案是严格的 SVG 和 CSS;我对使用 JavaScript 库不感兴趣。我的目标是让它达到一个点,我可以简单地定义单元格并让我想要的特定图标自动缩放以适应其容器,同时保持其纵横比。目前,为了使图标适合其父容器,需要明确定义其宽度和高度,并与父容器的宽度和高度相匹配。如果我更改父容器的宽度和高度,我也需要更改背景位置的大小。
然后是缩放问题。使用此设置,SVG 会缩放到要在屏幕上绘制的适当大小,但如果我决定使用浏览器的缩放进行缩放,它会像素化。这不是 SVG 应该如何工作的。
我想我可以将每个图标放在它自己的文件中,因为这看起来效果很好,但我真的很喜欢使用精灵;它不仅为我节省了几个服务器请求,而且很酷。
我知道SVG Icon Loader。这很酷,但它是我不想依赖的另一个 JavaScript 文件。
我已经阅读了 w3 SVG 文档、MDN SVG 文档以及关于 SO 的以下主题:
......但即使如此,我还没有设法找到解决方案。
编辑:我忘了提,这需要在 IE9 中工作。我敢肯定,这有点问题,但 IE9 的 SVG 支持不错,这就是我为这个项目选择 SVG 的原因。