MySQL Server version: 5.0.95
Tables All: InnoDB
我遇到了 MySQL 数据库查询的问题。基本上我发现如果我索引一个特定的 varchar(50) 字段tag.name,我的查询比不索引该字段需要更长的时间(x10)。我正在尝试加快此查询的速度,但是我的努力似乎适得其反。
罪魁祸首线路和领域似乎是:
WHERE `t`.`name` IN ('news','home')
我注意到,如果我tag
直接查询表而不使用相同的条件进行连接并且索引名称字段,我没有问题..它实际上按预期工作得更快。
示例查询**
SELECT `a`.*, `u`.`pen_name`
FROM `tag_link` `tl`
INNER JOIN `tag` `t`
ON `t`.`tag_id` = `tl`.`tag_id`
INNER JOIN `article` `a`
ON `a`.`article_id` = `tl`.`link_id`
INNER JOIN `user` `u`
ON `a`.`user_id` = `u`.`user_id`
WHERE `t`.`name` IN ('news','home')
AND `tl`.`type` = 'article'
AND `a`.`featured` = 'featured'
GROUP BY `article_id`
LIMIT 0 , 5
用索引解释**
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t | range | PRIMARY,name | name | 152 | NULL | 4 | Using where; Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | tl | ref | tag_id,link_id,link_id_2 | tag_id | 4 | portal.t.tag_id | 10 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | eq_ref | PRIMARY,fk_article_user1 | PRIMARY | 4 | portal.tl.link_id | 1 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | portal.a.user_id | 1 | |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
解释没有索引**
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | index | PRIMARY,fk_article_user1 | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 8742 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | portal.a.user_id | 1 | |
| 1 | SIMPLE | tl | ref | tag_id,link_id,link_id_2 | link_id | 4 | portal.a.article_id | 3 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | t | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | portal.tl.tag_id | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+-------------+
表创建
CREATE TABLE `tag` (
`tag_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`type` enum('layout','image') NOT NULL,
`create_dttm` datetime default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`tag_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=43077 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
索引
SHOW INDEX FROM tag_link;
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| tag_link | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | tag_link_id | A | 42023 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| tag_link | 1 | tag_id | 1 | tag_id | A | 10505 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| tag_link | 1 | link_id | 1 | link_id | A | 14007 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
SHOW INDEX FROM article;
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| article | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | article_id | A | 5723 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| article | 1 | fk_article_user1 | 1 | user_id | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| article | 1 | create_dttm | 1 | create_dttm | A | 5723 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
最终解决方案 似乎 MySQL 只是对数据进行了错误的排序。最后,将标签表视为返回 id 的子查询会更快。