21

我看到一对由调用创建的 AF_UNIX 套接字有一些奇怪的事情,例如:

 socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd); 

其中 sfd 是文件描述符的 int[2] 数组。

首先,默认缓冲区大小似乎正好是 122K(124928 字节),而不是 /proc/sys/net 中的任何内容(例如设置为 128K 的 wmem_default)。有谁知道这个奇怪的缓冲区大小的原因?

其次,当通过套接字写入小消息时(8 个字节)。我只能在写入块之前写入其中的 423 个,即只有 8*423 = 3384 字节,又是一个奇怪的大小。这些消息的行为就好像它们每个占用 295 + 一个小字节。这种开销的来源是什么?

在 RHEL6(2.6.32,64 位)上运行

我编写了一个程序来尝试不同大小的数据来比较间接费用:

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#define DATA_SIZE 4

void run(size_t size) {
    int sfd[2];
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd) == -1) {
        perror("error");
    }


    int sndbuf, sbsize = sizeof(sndbuf);
    getsockopt(sfd[0], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sndbuf, (socklen_t*)&sbsize);

    printf("Data Size: %zd\n", size);
    char buff[size];   
    size_t wrote=0;
    for (size_t ii=0; ii < 32768; ii++) {
        if ((send(sfd[0], buff, size, MSG_DONTWAIT) == -1) && (errno == EAGAIN)) {
            wrote = ii;
            break;
        }
    }

    printf("Wrote:     %zd\n", wrote);

    if (wrote != 0) { 
        int bpm = sndbuf/wrote;
        int oh  = bpm - size;

        printf("Bytes/msg: %i\n",  bpm);
        printf("Overhead:  %i\n",  oh);
        printf("\n");
    }

    close(sfd[0]); close(sfd[1]);
}

int main() {
    int sfd[2];
    socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd);

    int sndbuf, sbsize = sizeof(sndbuf);
    getsockopt(sfd[0], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sndbuf, (socklen_t*)&sbsize);

    printf("Buffer Size: %i\n\n", sndbuf);
    close(sfd[0]); close(sfd[1]);

    for (size_t ii=4; ii <= 4096; ii *= 2) {
        run(ii);
    }
}

这使:

Buffer Size: 124928

Data Size: 4
Wrote:     423
Bytes/msg: 295
Overhead:  291

Data Size: 8
Wrote:     423
Bytes/msg: 295
Overhead:  287

Data Size: 16
Wrote:     423
Bytes/msg: 295
Overhead:  279

Data Size: 32
Wrote:     423
Bytes/msg: 295
Overhead:  263

Data Size: 64
Wrote:     423
Bytes/msg: 295
Overhead:  231

Data Size: 128
Wrote:     348
Bytes/msg: 358
Overhead:  230

Data Size: 256
Wrote:     256
Bytes/msg: 488
Overhead:  232

Data Size: 512
Wrote:     168
Bytes/msg: 743
Overhead:  231

Data Size: 1024
Wrote:     100
Bytes/msg: 1249
Overhead:  225

Data Size: 2048
Wrote:     55
Bytes/msg: 2271
Overhead:  223

Data Size: 4096
Wrote:     29
Bytes/msg: 4307
Overhead:  211

与使用管道相比,肯定有很多开销:

Data Size: 4
Wrote:     16384
Bytes/msg: 4
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 8
Wrote:     8192
Bytes/msg: 8
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 16
Wrote:     4096
Bytes/msg: 16
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 32
Wrote:     2048
Bytes/msg: 32
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 64
Wrote:     1024
Bytes/msg: 64
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 128
Wrote:     512
Bytes/msg: 128
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 256
Wrote:     256
Bytes/msg: 256
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 512
Wrote:     128
Bytes/msg: 512
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 1024
Wrote:     64
Bytes/msg: 1024
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 2048
Wrote:     32
Bytes/msg: 2048
Overhead:  0

Data Size: 4096
Wrote:     16
Bytes/msg: 4096
Overhead:  0
4

2 回答 2

7

查看 socket(7) 手册页。有一段是这样写的:

SO_SNDBUF 设置或获取最大套接字发送缓冲区(以字节为单位)。当使用 setsockopt(2) 设置该值时,内核将该值加倍(以便为簿记开销留出空间),并且该加倍值由 getsockopt(2) 返回。默认值由 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default 文件设置,最大允许值由 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max 文件设置。此选项的最小(加倍)值为 2048。

因此,开销似乎只是为内核保存簿记信息。

于 2012-06-07T23:25:50.540 回答
0

你看过net.unix.max_dgram_qlensysctl 的值吗?

内核对飞行中 AF_UNIX 数据报的最大数量施加了限制。在我的系统上,限制实际上非常低:只有 10 个。

于 2012-06-06T16:03:25.200 回答