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我使用在 Python 的 Cygwin 构建中运行的 Python 脚本来创建发给本机 Windows 实用程序(不支持 Cygwin)的命令。这需要在发出命令之前将路径参数从 POSIX 转换为 WIN 形式。

调用 cygpath 实用程序是最好的方法,因为它使用 Cygwin 来做它可以做的事情,但它也有点可怕(而且速度很慢)。

我已经在运行 Python 的 Cygwin 构建 - 因此存在进行转换的代码。似乎应该有一个 Cygwin/Python 特定的扩展,让我可以直接在 Python 中获得这种能力,而无需启动一个全新的进程。

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4 回答 4

6

这可以通过使用 ctypes 调用 Cygwin API 来实现。下面的代码适用于我——我在 Windows 2012 上使用 64 位 cygwin DLL 版本 2.5.2,这适用于 Python 2.7.10 和 Python 3.4.3 的 Cygwin 版本。

基本上我们调用cygwin_create_pathfromcygwin1.dll来执行路径转换。malloc该函数分配一个包含转换后路径的内存缓冲区(使用)。那么我们需要使用freefromcygwin1.dll来释放它分配的缓冲区。

请注意,xunicode下面是一个穷人的替代(Python 2/3 兼容性库);如果您需要同时支持 Python 2 和 3,那么六个是更好的答案,但我希望我的示例不依赖于任何非捆绑模块,这就是我这样做的原因。

from ctypes import cdll, c_void_p, c_int32, cast, c_char_p, c_wchar_p
from sys import version_info

xunicode = str if version_info[0] > 2 else eval("unicode")

# If running under Cygwin Python, just use DLL name
# If running under non-Cygwin Windows Python, use full path to cygwin1.dll
# Note Python and cygwin1.dll must match bitness (i.e. 32-bit Python must
# use 32-bit cygwin1.dll, 64-bit Python must use 64-bit cygwin1.dll.)
cygwin = cdll.LoadLibrary("cygwin1.dll")
cygwin_create_path = cygwin.cygwin_create_path
cygwin_create_path.restype = c_void_p
cygwin_create_path.argtypes = [c_int32, c_void_p]

# Initialise the cygwin DLL. This step should only be done if using
# non-Cygwin Python. If you are using Cygwin Python don't do this because
# it has already been done for you.
cygwin_dll_init = cygwin.cygwin_dll_init
cygwin_dll_init.restype = None
cygwin_dll_init.argtypes = []
cygwin_dll_init()

free = cygwin.free
free.restype = None
free.argtypes = [c_void_p]

CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A = 0
CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W = 1
CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX = 2
CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX = 3

def win2posix(path):
    """Convert a Windows path to a Cygwin path"""
    result = cygwin_create_path(CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX,xunicode(path))
    if result is None:
        raise Exception("cygwin_create_path failed")
    value = cast(result,c_char_p).value
    free(result)
    return value

def posix2win(path):
    """Convert a Cygwin path to a Windows path"""
    result = cygwin_create_path(CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W,str(path))
    if result is None:
        raise Exception("cygwin_create_path failed")
    value = cast(result,c_wchar_p).value
    free(result)
    return value

# Example, convert LOCALAPPDATA to cygwin path and back
from os import environ
localAppData = environ["LOCALAPPDATA"]
print("Original Win32 path: %s" % localAppData)
localAppData = win2posix(localAppData)
print("As a POSIX path: %s" % localAppData)
localAppData = posix2win(localAppData)
print("Back to a Windows path: %s" % localAppData)
于 2016-07-20T03:46:56.297 回答
1

通过浏览cygpath 源代码,看起来 cygpath 有一个重要的实现,并且没有提供任何库版本。

cygpath 确实支持使用-f选项(或从标准输入, using -f -)从文件中获取其输入,并且可以采用多个路径,每次都吐出转换后的路径,因此您可以创建一个打开的 cygpath 实例(使用 Python 的subprocess.Popen)而不是每次都重新启动 cygpath。

于 2012-06-04T19:46:53.007 回答
1

我宁愿编写这个使用cygwindll 的 Python 助手:

import errno
import ctypes
import enum
import sys

class ccp_what(enum.Enum):
    posix_to_win_a = 0 # from is char *posix, to is char *win32
    posix_to_win_w = 1 # from is char *posix, to is wchar_t *win32
    win_a_to_posix = 2 # from is char *win32, to is char *posix
    win_w_to_posix = 3 # from is wchar_t *win32, to is char *posix

    convtype_mask = 3

    absolute = 0          # Request absolute path (default).
    relative = 0x100      # Request to keep path relative.
    proc_cygdrive = 0x200 # Request to return /proc/cygdrive path (only with CCP_*_TO_POSIX)

class CygpathError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, errno, msg=""):
        self.errno = errno
        super(Exception, self).__init__(os.strerror(errno))

class Cygpath(object):
    bufsize = 512

    def __init__(self):
        if 'cygwin' not in sys.platform:
            raise SystemError('Not running on cygwin')

        self._dll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("cygwin1.dll")

    def _cygwin_conv_path(self, what, path, size = None):
        if size is None:
            size = self.bufsize
        out = ctypes.create_string_buffer(size)
        ret = self._dll.cygwin_conv_path(what, path, out, size)
        if ret < 0:
            raise CygpathError(ctypes.get_errno())
        return out.value

    def posix2win(self, path, relative=False):
        out = ctypes.create_string_buffer(self.bufsize)
        t = ccp_what.relative.value if relative else ccp_what.absolute.value
        what = ccp_what.posix_to_win_a.value | t
        return self._cygwin_conv_path(what, path)

    def win2posix(self, path, relative=False):
        out = ctypes.create_string_buffer(self.bufsize)
        t = ccp_what.relative.value if relative else ccp_what.absolute.value
        what = ccp_what.win_a_to_posix.value | t
        return self._cygwin_conv_path(what, path)
于 2017-03-24T11:02:30.737 回答
1

我最近独立遇到了这个问题。我想出的小而快的解决方案如下:

import os
import re

def win_path(path):
    match = re.match('(/(cygdrive/)?)(.*)', path)
    if not match:
        return path.replace('/', '\\')
    dirs = match.group(3).split('/')
    dirs[0] = f'{dirs[0].upper()}:'
    return '\\'.join(dirs)

这适用于 cygwin ( /cygdrive/...) 和 MinGW ( /...) 样式路径(我必须同时支持)以及相对路径。

l = ['/c/test/path',
     '/cygdrive/c/test/path',
     './test/path',
     '../test/path',
     'C:\Windows\Path',
     '.\Windows\Path',
     '..\Windows\Path']
for i in l:
    print(win_path(i))

生产:

C:\test\path
C:\test\path
.\test\path
..\test\path
C:\Windows\Path
.\Windows\Path
..\Windows\Path
于 2018-05-02T14:59:19.880 回答