c# - 跨线程操作无效：控件“textBox1”从创建它的线程以外的线程访问

Question

我想使用 UART 将温度值从微控制器发送到 C# 接口并显示温度Label.Content。这是我的微控制器代码：

while(1) {
   key_scan(); // get value of temp
   if (Usart_Data_Ready())
   {
      while(temperature[i]!=0)
      {
         if(temperature[i]!=' ')
         {
            Usart_Write(temperature[i]);
            Delay_ms(1000);
         }
         i = i + 1;
      }
      i =0;
      Delay_ms(2000);
   }
}

我的 C# 代码是：

private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
   txt += serialPort1.ReadExisting().ToString();
   textBox1.Text = txt.ToString();
}

但出现异常“跨线程操作无效：控制'textBox1'从创建它的线程以外的线程访问”请告诉我如何从我的微控制器获取温度字符串并删除此错误！

Answer 1

在您的serialPort1_DataReceived方法中接收到的数据来自另一个线程上下文而不是 UI 线程，这就是您看到此错误的原因。
要解决此问题，您必须使用 MSDN 文章中所述的调度程序：
如何：对 Windows 窗体控件进行线程安全调用

因此，不要直接在serialport1_DataReceived方法中设置 text 属性，而是使用以下模式：

delegate void SetTextCallback(string text);

private void SetText(string text)
{
  // InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the
  // calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.
  // If these threads are different, it returns true.
  if (this.textBox1.InvokeRequired)
  { 
    SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(SetText);
    this.Invoke(d, new object[] { text });
  }
  else
  {
    this.textBox1.Text = text;
  }
}

所以在你的情况下：

private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
  txt += serialPort1.ReadExisting().ToString();
  SetText(txt.ToString());
}

Answer 2

我不知道这是否足够好，但我制作了一个静态 ThreadHelperClass 类并将其实现如下。现在我可以轻松设置各种控件的文本属性，而无需太多编码。

public static class ThreadHelperClass
{
    delegate void SetTextCallback(Form f, Control ctrl, string text);
    /// <summary>
    /// Set text property of various controls
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="form">The calling form</param>
    /// <param name="ctrl"></param>
    /// <param name="text"></param>
    public static void SetText(Form form, Control ctrl, string text)
    {
        // InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the 
        // calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread. 
        // If these threads are different, it returns true. 
        if (ctrl.InvokeRequired)
        {
            SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(SetText);
            form.Invoke(d, new object[] { form, ctrl, text });
        }
        else
        {
            ctrl.Text = text;
        }
    }
}

使用代码：

 private void btnTestThread_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 {
    Thread demoThread =
       new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.ThreadProcSafe));
            demoThread.Start();
 }

 // This method is executed on the worker thread and makes 
 // a thread-safe call on the TextBox control. 
 private void ThreadProcSafe()
 {
     ThreadHelperClass.SetText(this, textBox1, "This text was set safely.");
     ThreadHelperClass.SetText(this, textBox2, "another text was set safely.");
 }

Answer 3

你可以简单地做到这一点。

TextBox.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;

Answer 4

使用以下扩展并传递如下操作：

_frmx.PerformSafely(() => _frmx.Show());
_frmx.PerformSafely(() => _frmx.Location = new Point(x,y));

扩展类：

public static class CrossThreadExtensions
{
    public static void PerformSafely(this Control target, Action action)
    {
        if (target.InvokeRequired)
        {
            target.Invoke(action);
        }
        else
        {
            action();
        }
    }

    public static void PerformSafely<T1>(this Control target, Action<T1> action,T1 parameter)
    {
        if (target.InvokeRequired)
        {
            target.Invoke(action, parameter);
        }
        else
        {
            action(parameter);
        }
    }

    public static void PerformSafely<T1,T2>(this Control target, Action<T1,T2> action, T1 p1,T2 p2)
    {
        if (target.InvokeRequired)
        {
            target.Invoke(action, p1,p2);
        }
        else
        {
            action(p1,p2);
        }
    }
}

Answer 5

与先前的答案相同，但添加了一个非常简短的内容，允许使用所有 Control 属性而不会出现跨线程调用异常。

辅助方法

    /// <summary>
    /// Helper method to determin if invoke required, if so will rerun method on correct thread.
    /// if not do nothing.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="c">Control that might require invoking</param>
    /// <param name="a">action to preform on control thread if so.</param>
    /// <returns>true if invoke required</returns>
    public bool ControlInvokeRequired(Control c,Action a)
    {
        if (c.InvokeRequired) c.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate { a(); }));
        else return false;

        return true;
    }

示例使用

    // usage on textbox
    public void UpdateTextBox1(String text)
    {
        //Check if invoke requied if so return - as i will be recalled in correct thread
        if (ControlInvokeRequired(textBox1, () => UpdateTextBox1(text))) return;
        textBox1.Text = ellapsed;
    }

    //Or any control
    public void UpdateControl(Color c,String s)
    {
        //Check if invoke requied if so return - as i will be recalled in correct thread
        if (ControlInvokeRequired(myControl, () => UpdateControl(c,s))) return;
        myControl.Text = s;
        myControl.BackColor = c;
    }

Answer 6

使用共享容器在线程之间传输数据。