我在使用 OpenGL 时遇到了一些问题。首先,我有一个正在构建的自定义控件,它封装了 OpenGL。我遇到了快速闪烁的问题,就像它在“闪烁”一样。该控件太大且太复杂,无法在此处发布,因此我制作了一个新的小型演示应用程序来演示和重新创建相同的场景。
现在的问题:我没有得到任何图像。在我的自定义控件中情况会很好,但由于我已经复制了代码并将其剥离到一个小型演示应用程序中,因此它不会显示图像。所以这里我有两个问题:闪烁(或闪烁),现在图像甚至没有显示。闪烁在过去没有发生,但在一些主要的代码修改后,它开始闪烁。代码更改太多,无法解释具体更改了什么,几乎所有内容。
背景显示,所以我知道它正在绘制一些东西(它是彩色的)。出于演示目的,它应该只绘制一个立方体,但我什么也没看到。我不得不将它从大约 1,000 行代码减少到甚至不到 300 行。
这不是您通常所说的闪烁,它实际上更像是一种闪烁或闪烁,想象一下汽车闪光灯的闪烁。这肯定与计时器有关,因为我设置的计时器间隔越长,它闪烁的速度就越慢。
为什么我什么都没看到?一旦解决了这个问题,为什么它会闪烁这么多?
这是一个表单的代码,不需要 DFM:
unit uMain;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, Winapi.OpenGL,
System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes,
Vcl.Graphics, Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.ExtCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormResize(Sender: TObject);
private
FDrawing: Bool;
FDC: HDC;
FRC: HGLRC;
FDL: glUint;
FTimer: TTimer;
procedure Draw;
procedure SetDC(const Value: HDC);
procedure SetRC(const Value: HGLRC);
procedure SetDL(const Value: glUint);
public
property DC: HDC read FDC write SetDC;
property RC: HGLRC read FRC write SetRC;
property DL: glUint read FDL write SetDL;
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
PixelFormat: glUint;
pfd: TPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR;
begin
FDrawing := False;
FDC := GetDC(Handle);
with pfd do begin
nSize := SizeOf(TPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);
nVersion := 1; // The version of this data structure
dwFlags := PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW // Buffer supports drawing to window
or PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL // Buffer supports OpenGL drawing
or PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER; // Supports double buffering
iPixelType := PFD_TYPE_RGBA; // RGBA color format
cColorBits := 32; // OpenGL color depth
cRedBits := 0; // Number of red bitplanes
cRedShift := 0; // Shift count for red bitplanes
cGreenBits := 0; // Number of green bitplanes
cGreenShift := 0; // Shift count for green bitplanes
cBlueBits := 0; // Number of blue bitplanes
cBlueShift := 0; // Shift count for blue bitplanes
cAlphaBits := 0; // Not supported
cAlphaShift := 0; // Not supported
cAccumBits := 0; // No accumulation buffer
cAccumRedBits := 0; // Number of red bits in a-buffer
cAccumGreenBits := 0; // Number of green bits in a-buffer
cAccumBlueBits := 0; // Number of blue bits in a-buffer
cAccumAlphaBits := 0; // Number of alpha bits in a-buffer
cDepthBits := 16; // Specifies the depth of the depth buffer
cStencilBits := 0; // Turn off stencil buffer
cAuxBuffers := 0; // Not supported
iLayerType := PFD_MAIN_PLANE; // Ignored
bReserved := 0; // Number of overlay and underlay planes
dwLayerMask := 0; // Ignored
dwVisibleMask := 0; // Transparent color of underlay plane
dwDamageMask := 0; // Ignored
end;
PixelFormat := ChoosePixelFormat(FDC, @pfd);
SetPixelFormat(FDC, PixelFormat, @pfd);
FRC := wglCreateContext(FDC);
wglMakeCurrent(FDC, FRC);
FormResize(nil);
wglMakeCurrent(FDC, FRC);
glClearColor(0.8, 0.8, 0.9, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glClearDepth(1.0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_ALPHA_TEST);
glAlphaFunc(GL_GREATER, 0.4);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glNewList(FDL, GL_COMPILE);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Front Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
// Back Face
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
// Top Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
// Bottom Face
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glEnd();
glEndList();
FTimer:= TTimer.Create(nil);
FTimer.OnTimer:= Timer1Timer;
FTimer.Interval:= 100;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
FTimer.Free;
if (not wglMakeCurrent(FDC, 0)) then
MessageBox(0, 'Release of DC and RC failed!', 'Error', MB_OK or MB_ICONERROR);
if (not wglDeleteContext(FRC)) then begin
MessageBox(0, 'Release of rendering context failed!', 'Error', MB_OK or MB_ICONERROR);
FRC := 0;
end;
if ((FDC > 0) and (ReleaseDC(Handle, FDC) = 0)) then begin
MessageBox(0, 'Release of device context failed!', 'Error', MB_OK or MB_ICONERROR);
FDC := 0;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Draw;
var
I: Integer;
begin
if not FDrawing then begin
FDrawing := TRUE;
try
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT or GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glLoadIdentity;
glPushMatrix();
glCallList(DL);
glPopMatrix();
SwapBuffers(wglGetCurrentDC);
finally
FDrawing := False;
end;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormResize(Sender: TObject);
begin
glViewport(0, 0, Width, Height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.0, Width / Height, 0.1, 500.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
end;
procedure TForm1.SetDC(const Value: HDC);
begin
FDC := Value;
end;
procedure TForm1.SetDL(const Value: glUint);
begin
FDL := Value;
end;
procedure TForm1.SetRC(const Value: HGLRC);
begin
FRC := Value;
end;
procedure TForm1.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
begin
Draw;
end;
end.
现在上面的代码与我的原始代码的工作方式有很大不同。原始Draw
过程通过对象列表进行迭代,每个对象都包含自己的Draw
过程。所以控件的绘制程序准备好整个场景,然后一个一个地绘制每个“项目”,如下所示:
procedure TGLImage.Draw;
var
X: Integer;
begin
if not FDrawing then begin
FDrawing := TRUE;
try
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT or GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glLoadIdentity();
glRotatef(FElapsedTime / 70, 0, 0, 1);
glRotatef(90, 0, 1, 0);
glTranslatef(-FElapsedTime / 400, 0, 0);
if FInitialized then begin
for X := 0 to FItems.Count - 1 do begin
FItems[X].Draw;
end;
end;
SwapBuffers(wglGetCurrentDC);
finally
FDrawing := False;
end;
end;
end;
这是它绘制的项目之一......
constructor TGLBeam.Create(AOwner: TGLItems);
begin
inherited;
glNewList(DL, GL_COMPILE);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// Front Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
// Back Face
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
// Top Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
// Bottom Face
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(2.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
// Left Face
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, -1.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(2.0, 1.0, -1.0);
glEnd();
glEndList();
end;
procedure TGLBeam.Draw;
var
I: Integer;
begin
glRotatef(Directions.X, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(Directions.Y, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(Directions.Z, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
for I := 1 to 10 do begin
//Main Center
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(I * 4 + Owner.Owner.ClockTime * 4, 0, 0);
glCallList(DL);
glPopMatrix();
//Above
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(I * 4 + Owner.Owner.ClockTime * 4, 6, 0);
glCallList(DL);
glPopMatrix();
end;
end;