您不能使用类数组,但可以使用指向函数的指针数组。
typedef std::unique_ptr<Base> (*Creator)();
template <typename T>
std::unique_ptr<Base> make() { return new T{}; }
Creator const array[] = { make<A>, make<B>, make<C> };
int main() {
std::unique_ptr<Base> b = array[1]();
b->foo();
}
对于那些担心创建这么多模板函数的成本的人,这里有一个例子:
#include <stdio.h>
struct Base { virtual void foo() const = 0; };
struct A: Base { void foo() const { printf("A"); } };
struct B: Base { void foo() const { printf("B"); } };
struct C: Base { void foo() const { printf("C"); } };
typedef Base* (*Creator)();
template <typename T>
static Base* make() { return new T{}; }
static Creator const array[] = { make<A>, make<B>, make<C> };
Base* select_array(int i) {
return array[i]();
}
Base* select_switch(int i) {
switch(i) {
case 0: return make<A>();
case 1: return make<B>();
case 2: return make<C>();
default: return 0;
}
}
LLVM/Clang 生成以下输出:
define %struct.Base* @select_array(int)(i32 %i) uwtable {
%1 = sext i32 %i to i64
%2 = getelementptr inbounds [3 x %struct.Base* ()*]* @array, i64 0, i64 %1
%3 = load %struct.Base* ()** %2, align 8, !tbaa !0
%4 = tail call %struct.Base* %3()
ret %struct.Base* %4
}
define noalias %struct.Base* @select_switch(int)(i32 %i) uwtable {
switch i32 %i, label %13 [
i32 0, label %1
i32 1, label %5
i32 2, label %9
]
; <label>:1 ; preds = %0
%2 = tail call noalias i8* @operator new(unsigned long)(i64 8)
%3 = bitcast i8* %2 to i32 (...)***
store i32 (...)** bitcast (i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*]* @vtable for A, i64 0, i64 2) to i32 (...)**), i32 (...)*** %3, align 8
%4 = bitcast i8* %2 to %struct.Base*
br label %13
; <label>:5 ; preds = %0
%6 = tail call noalias i8* @operator new(unsigned long)(i64 8)
%7 = bitcast i8* %6 to i32 (...)***
store i32 (...)** bitcast (i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*]* @vtable for B, i64 0, i64 2) to i32 (...)**), i32 (...)*** %7, align 8
%8 = bitcast i8* %6 to %struct.Base*
br label %13
; <label>:9 ; preds = %0
%10 = tail call noalias i8* @operator new(unsigned long)(i64 8)
%11 = bitcast i8* %10 to i32 (...)***
store i32 (...)** bitcast (i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*]* @vtable for C, i64 0, i64 2) to i32 (...)**), i32 (...)*** %11, align 8
%12 = bitcast i8* %10 to %struct.Base*
br label %13
; <label>:13 ; preds = %9, %5, %1, %0
%.0 = phi %struct.Base* [ %12, %9 ], [ %8, %5 ], [ %4, %1 ], [ null, %0 ]
ret %struct.Base* %.0
}
不幸的是,它还不够智能,无法使用常规数组代码自动内联函数(LLVM 优化器的已知问题,我不知道 gcc 是否做得更好)......但switch
确实可以使用它。