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我正在学习 C++。我非常了解 java 和 python,但我在我的 c++ 试验中使用了一点设计模式,我很生气。

这是我的文件,我认为它们是非常自动解释的,如果有任何问题,欢迎评论!

我有一个具有行为的类引擎..我想将行为划分为不同的特定行为..但是没有子类也很容易..

主.cpp:

#include "Engine.h"

int main() {
    Engine e;
    e.work();
    return 0;
};

引擎.h:

#ifndef ENGINE_H_
#define ENGINE_H_

#include <iostream>
#include "Behaviour.h"

class Engine {

public:

    Engine() {
        std::cout << "Engine constructor" << std::endl;
        this->b = new Behaviour(this);
    };
    virtual ~Engine(){};

    void work() {
        std::cout << "Engine work" << std::endl;
    };

    int getFoo() { return 42; };

private:
    Behaviour * b;
};

#endif /*  ENGINE_H_ */

行为.h:

#ifndef BEHAVIOUR_H_
#define BEHAVIOUR_H_

#include <iostream>
#include "Engine.h"

class Behaviour {

public:

    Behaviour(Engine* e) {
        std::cout << "behaviour constructor, kind of abstract class" << std::endl;
        this->e = e;
    };

    virtual ~Behaviour(){};

    void work() {
        std::cout << "Behaviour work" << this->e->getFoo() << std::endl;
    };

protected:
    Engine * e;

};

#endif /*  BEHAVIOUR_H_ */

我的编译器错误:

$ rm *.gch; c++ *
In file included from Behaviour.h:5:
Engine.h:26: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘Behaviour’ with no type
Engine.h:26: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Engine.h: In constructor ‘Engine::Engine()’:
Engine.h:14: error: ‘class Engine’ has no member named ‘b’
Engine.h:14: error: expected type-specifier before ‘Behaviour’
Engine.h:14: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘Behaviour’
In file included from Engine.h:5:
Behaviour.h:11: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
Behaviour.h:23: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘Engine’ with no type
Behaviour.h:23: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Behaviour.h: In member function ‘void Behaviour::work()’:
Behaviour.h:19: error: ‘class Behaviour’ has no member named ‘e’
Engine.h: In constructor ‘Engine::Engine()’:
Engine.h:14: error: no matching function for call to ‘Behaviour::Behaviour(Engine* const)’
Behaviour.h:7: note: candidates are: Behaviour::Behaviour()
Behaviour.h:7: note:                 Behaviour::Behaviour(const Behaviour&)

我想我需要一些前向声明,但我不确定,浏览教程并进行一些试验并不能解决我的问题。

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2 回答 2

4

Engine.h前向声明替换包含:

#include "Behaviour.h"

class Behaviour;

class Engine;里面也一样Behavior.h

因为你有一个循环依赖,你需要使用前向声明而不是包含。

您还需要将实现分离到一个cpp文件中。单独的前向声明不会让你打电话this->b = new Behaviour(this);

另外,花一些时间重新考虑你的设计。这种依赖通常是一种代码味道。

于 2012-05-23T13:57:05.483 回答
1

您遇到循环依赖问题,通常,您必须在 CPP 文件中实现 Behaviour 的方法,但这可能不是最佳实践。我认为Engine在你的应用程序中是一个非常重要的抽象概念,你可以用一个纯虚类作为接口定义来描述它。

例如:

引擎.h

class IEngine {
public:
    void work() = 0;
};

IEngine* newEngine();

EngineImpl.h

class EngineImpl : public IEngine {
public:
    void work();
};

EngineImpl.cpp

void EngineImpl::work();
   // do some works
}

IEngine* newEngine() {
    return new EngineImpl();
}

现在,您可以在代码中的任何位置通过 IEngine 使用您的引擎,只需包含 IEngine.h。你甚至可以通过定义实现一个引擎单例:

IEngine.h:

IEngine* sharedEngine();

EngineImpl.cpp

IEngine* sharedEngine() {
    static IEngine *engineInst = 0;
    if (!engineInst)
        engineInst = new EngineImpl();
    return engineInst; 
}
于 2012-05-23T14:19:57.460 回答