我认为以下应该有效:
import numpy as np
a = np.random.normal(size=(5,2,3))
b = np.random.normal(size=(2,3,8))
c = np.einsum('ijk,jkl->ijkl',a,b)
和:
In [5]: c.shape
Out[5]: (5, 2, 3, 8)
In [6]: a[0,0,1]*b[0,1,2]
Out[6]: -0.041308376453821738
In [7]: c[0,0,1,2]
Out[7]: -0.041308376453821738
np.einsum
使用起来可能有点棘手,但对于这些类型的索引问题非常强大:
http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.einsum.html
另请注意,这需要 numpy >= v1.6.0
我不确定您的特定问题的效率,但如果它的性能不如需要,一定要考虑使用带有显式 for 循环的 Cython,并可能使用并行化它prange
更新
In [18]: %timeit np.einsum('ijk,jkl->ijkl',a,b)
100000 loops, best of 3: 4.78 us per loop
In [19]: %timeit a[..., np.newaxis]*b[np.newaxis, ...]
100000 loops, best of 3: 12.2 us per loop
In [20]: a = np.random.normal(size=(50,20,30))
In [21]: b = np.random.normal(size=(20,30,80))
In [22]: %timeit np.einsum('ijk,jkl->ijkl',a,b)
100 loops, best of 3: 16.6 ms per loop
In [23]: %timeit a[..., np.newaxis]*b[np.newaxis, ...]
100 loops, best of 3: 16.6 ms per loop
In [2]: a = np.random.normal(size=(500,20,30))
In [3]: b = np.random.normal(size=(20,30,800))
In [4]: %timeit np.einsum('ijk,jkl->ijkl',a,b)
1 loops, best of 3: 3.31 s per loop
In [5]: %timeit a[..., np.newaxis]*b[np.newaxis, ...]
1 loops, best of 3: 2.6 s per loop