好吧，我已经解决了这个问题并提出了一些建议。但首先让我们填充辅助表
CREATE TABLE dbo.Numbers(n INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY)
GO
DECLARE @i INT;
SET @i = 1;
INSERT INTO dbo.Numbers(n) SELECT 1;
WHILE @i<1024000 BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.Numbers(n)
SELECT n + @i FROM dbo.Numbers;
SET @i = @i * 2;
END;
GO
和测试数据，一年每分钟一分钟广告，同年每分钟一个客户电话：
CREATE TABLE dbo.Commercials(
StartedAt DATETIME NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT PK_Commercials PRIMARY KEY,
EndedAt DATETIME NOT NULL,
CommercialName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL);
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.Commercials(StartedAt, EndedAt, CommercialName)
SELECT DATEADD(minute, n - 1, '20080101')
,DATEADD(minute, n, '20080101')
,'Show #'+CAST(n AS VARCHAR(6))
FROM dbo.Numbers
WHERE n<=24*365*60;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Calls(CallID INT
CONSTRAINT PK_Calls NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
AirTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
SomeInfo CHAR(300));
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.Calls(CallID,
AirTime,
SomeInfo)
SELECT n
,DATEADD(minute, n - 1, '20080101')
,'Call during Commercial #'+CAST(n AS VARCHAR(6))
FROM dbo.Numbers
WHERE n<=24*365*60;
GO
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Calls_AirTime
ON dbo.Calls(AirTime) INCLUDE(SomeInfo);
GO
最初尝试在年中的三个小时内选择广告期间拨打的所有电话的速度非常慢：
SET STATISTICS IO ON;
SET STATISTICS TIME ON;
GO
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM(
SELECT s.StartedAt, s.EndedAt, c.AirTime
FROM dbo.Commercials s JOIN dbo.Calls c
ON c.AirTime >= s.StartedAt AND c.AirTime < s.EndedAt
WHERE c.AirTime BETWEEN '20080701' AND '20080701 03:00'
) AS t;
SQL Server parse and compile time:
CPU time = 15 ms, elapsed time = 30 ms.
(1 row(s) affected)
Table 'Calls'. Scan count 1, logical reads 11, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 2, logical reads 3338264, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Commercials'. Scan count 2, logical reads 7166, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 71704 ms, elapsed time = 36316 ms.
原因很简单：我们知道广告不重叠，所以一个调用最多适合一个广告，但优化器不知道。我们知道广告很短，但优化器也不知道。这两个假设都可以作为约束强制执行，但优化器不会仍然这样做。
假设广告不超过 15 分钟，我们可以告诉优化器，并且查询非常快：
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM(
SELECT s.StartedAt, s.EndedAt, c.AirTime
FROM dbo.Commercials s JOIN dbo.Calls c
ON c.AirTime >= s.StartedAt AND c.AirTime < s.EndedAt
WHERE c.AirTime BETWEEN '20080701' AND '20080701 03:00'
AND s.StartedAt BETWEEN '20080630 23:45' AND '20080701 03:00'
) AS t;
SQL Server parse and compile time:
CPU time = 15 ms, elapsed time = 15 ms.
(1 row(s) affected)
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 1, logical reads 753, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Calls'. Scan count 1, logical reads 11, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Commercials'. Scan count 1, logical reads 4, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 31 ms, elapsed time = 24 ms.
假设广告不重叠，所以一个调用最多适合一个广告，我们可以告诉优化器，并且查询再次非常快：
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM(
SELECT s.StartedAt, s.EndedAt, c.AirTime
FROM dbo.Calls c CROSS APPLY(
SELECT TOP 1 s.StartedAt, s.EndedAt FROM dbo.Commercials s
WHERE c.AirTime >= s.StartedAt AND c.AirTime < s.EndedAt
ORDER BY s.StartedAt DESC) AS s
WHERE c.AirTime BETWEEN '20080701' AND '20080701 03:00'
) AS t;
SQL Server parse and compile time:
CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 7 ms.
(1 row(s) affected)
Table 'Commercials'. Scan count 181, logical reads 1327, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Calls'. Scan count 1, logical reads 11, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 31 ms, elapsed time = 31 ms.