3

我在尝试从另一个应用程序导入模型时遇到了麻烦。我有两个应用程序“主要”和“管理”。这里是代码,我去掉了一些冗长的描述:

“行政”模式:

from django.db import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm


class Contract(models.Model):
    Code = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    Provider = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    Description = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    ActivationDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    EndingDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    Note = models.TextField(blank=True)
    Numbers = models.ManyToManyField('main.Number', through='Crefcontr2num')

def __unicode__(self):
    return u'%s %s' % (self.Provider, self.Description)

class Crefcontr2num(models.Model):
    Dateto = models.DateField()
    Datefrom = models.DateField()
    Contract = models.ForeignKey('Contract')
    Num = models.ForeignKey('main.Number')

“主要”模型:

from django.db import models
from endusers.models import OrderedEndUser
from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm, Textarea, TextInput, HiddenInput
#from administrative.models import Contract

class Device(models.Model):
    Maker = models.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'need !'})
    Model = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)
    Imei = models.CharField(max_length=15, unique=True)
    Note = models.TextField(blank=True)
    ActiveState = models.BooleanField()
    AcquisitionDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    DismissionDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    CodInv = models.CharField(max_length=15, blank=True)
    FK_Enduser = models.ForeignKey('endusers.OrderedEndUser',unique=False, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
    #   FK_Contract = models.ForeignKey(administrative.Contract, unique=False, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

...请注意“#”在导入和模型“设备”中的 FK_Contract 前面,如果我只是尝试导入(不带 #)模型合同,我会收到此错误:

Unhandled exception in thread started by <bound method Command.inner_run of <django.contrib.staticfiles.management.commands.runserver.Command object at 0xb6f69a6c>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 88, in inner_run
self.validate(display_num_errors=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 249, in validate
num_errors = get_validation_errors(s, app)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/validation.py", line 35, in get_validation_errors
for (app_name, error) in get_app_errors().items():
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 146, in get_app_errors
self._populate()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 61, in _populate
self.load_app(app_name, True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 78, in load_app
models = import_module('.models', app_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/media/truecrypt1/develope/Django-1.3.1/dbMobile/../dbMobile/main/models.py", line 5, in <module>
from administrative.models import Contract #, Crefcontr2num
File "/media/truecrypt1/develope/Django-1.3.1/dbMobile/administrative/models.py", line 28, in <module>
class ContractForm(ModelForm):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/forms/models.py", line 205, in __new__
opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/forms/models.py", line 159, in fields_for_model
formfield = f.formfield(**kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 1155, in formfield
'queryset': self.rel.to._default_manager.using(db).complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute '_default_manager'

到目前为止,我到处寻找并尝试了许多选项..但错误仍然存​​在...我无法理解...我阅读了有关循环导入等的信息...并尝试使用路径进行引用(如您所见),但是它也不起作用...

任何建议表示赞赏... thx

4

3 回答 3

7

您的回溯显示错误与您在第 28 行ContractForm中定义的类有关administrative/models.py

...
File "/media/truecrypt1/develope/Django-1.3.1/dbMobile/../dbMobile/main/models.py", line 5, in <module>
from administrative.models import Contract #, Crefcontr2num 
File "/media/truecrypt1/develope/Django-1.3.1/dbMobile/administrative/models.py", line 28, in <module> 
class ContractForm(ModelForm):
...

由于您没有在问题中包含这部分代码,因此我无法告诉您更多信息。但是,您应该知道 Python 中的导入是如何工作的。当你使用

from administrative.models import Contract

Python 不只是从administrative/models.py文件中选择一个类。相反,Python 解释器读取整个文件,创建模块对象,在新模块命名空间中执行导入文件中的代码,然后将新模块命名空间中的名称复制Contract到当前命名空间。因此,尽管您似乎只从模块中导入了一个类,但该模块中任何地方的错误都可能阻止成功导入 - 在您的情况下,这是 class 的错误ContractForm。回溯的其余部分详细说明了该类到底出了什么问题。

于 2012-05-15T13:15:40.053 回答
1

如果我没记错的话。如果您正在导入合同模型,并且这两个应用程序似乎保存在应用程序文件夹中,因此您必须在导入时添加应用程序

from apps.administrative.models import Contract

你应该像下面这样直接使用这个模型

FK_Contract = models.ForeignKey(Contract, unique=False, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
于 2012-05-15T10:57:02.587 回答
-1

我只是希望您在此问题中发布的代码中的缩进问题实际上不会在您的真实代码中发生。

例如,您administrative/models.py应该如下所示:

class Contract(models.Model):
    Code = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    Provider = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    Description = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    ActivationDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    EndingDate = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    Note = models.TextField(blank=True)
    Numbers = models.ManyToManyField('main.Number', through='Crefcontr2num')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'%s %s' % (self.Provider, self.Description)

class Crefcontr2num(models.Model):
    Dateto = models.DateField()
    Datefrom = models.DateField()
    Contract = models.ForeignKey('Contract')
    Num = models.ForeignKey('main.Number')

一些技巧:

  1. 不要将您的模型字段命名为大写。Python 的最佳实践是date_to, date_from, contract, 等等。详情请查看PEP 8
  2. 在 ForeignKey 字段之前加上“FK_”也是一种不好的做法。只是多余的。当然这只是我的看法。也许您正在使用一些命名标准....但是如果您可以避免这种情况,那就更好了。
  3. verbose_name参数添加到您的字段定义中。
  4. 为字段添加default值。null=True, blank=True
  5. 对模型进行详细说明(给出有意义的名称)。Crefcontr2num是一个坏的。

希望能帮助到你。

于 2012-05-16T14:39:00.370 回答