I would not assume that every database implements the same strategy.
Speaking only for Oracle, the SCN (system change number) is a 48-bit number so an Oracle database can handle nearly 300 trillion transactions before hitting the limit. Realistically, that will take eons. Even if you could do 1 thousand transactions per second, the SCN wouldn't hit the limit for 300 billion seconds or roughly 9500 years. Now, there are various things that can cause the SCN to increment in addition to just doing transactions (famously the recent issue with hot backups and database links that caused a few users to exceed the database's checks for the reasonability of the SCN) so it won't really take 9500 years to hit the limit. But, realistically, it gives Oracle plenty of time to move to a 64-bit SCN some years down the line, buying everyone a few more centuries of functionality.