我很好奇mkvirtualenv
命令的底层发生了什么,所以我试图理解它是如何调用virtualenv
的。
最简单的方法是弄清楚安装后virtualenv程序的位置以及安装后mkvirtualenv程序的位置。所以:-
Calvins-MacBook-Pro.local ttys006 Mon Apr 23 12:31:07 |~|
calvin$ which mkvirtualenv
Calvins-MacBook-Pro.local ttys006 Mon Apr 23 12:31:10 |~|
calvin$ which virtualenv
/opt/local/library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/virtualenv
所以我在这里看到的奇怪的事情是which mkvirtualenv
没有给出任何结果。为什么?
进一步挖掘,在安装后的 virtualenvwrapper 目录中,我只看到 3 个 python 文件:-
Calvins-MacBook-Pro.local ttys004 Mon Apr 23 12:28:05 |/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenvwrapper|
calvin$ ls -la
total 88
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 272 Apr 13 15:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 29 root wheel 986 Apr 15 00:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5292 Apr 13 15:05 hook_loader.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 4810 Apr 13 15:07 hook_loader.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1390 Apr 13 15:05 project.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 2615 Apr 13 15:07 project.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 7381 Apr 13 15:05 user_scripts.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 11472 Apr 13 15:07 user_scripts.pyc
而且我认为现在在我的终端中可用的唯一原因mkvirtualenv
是因为我添加了一个source/opt/local/library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
. 所以回答我之前提出的问题,这仅仅是因为它表示为一个 bash 函数并且在我的终端中可用,因为我在我的or文件mkvirtualenv
中获取了 virtualenvwrapper.sh 。.bashrc
.bash_profile
深入研究virtualenvwrapper.sh
脚本,我明白了
# Create a new environment, in the WORKON_HOME.
#
# Usage: mkvirtualenv [options] ENVNAME
# (where the options are passed directly to virtualenv)
#
function mkvirtualenv {
typeset -a in_args
typeset -a out_args
typeset -i i
typeset tst
typeset a
typeset envname
typeset requirements
typeset packages
in_args=( "$@" )
if [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]
then
i=1
tst="-le"
else
i=0
tst="-lt"
fi
while [ $i $tst $# ]
do
a="${in_args[$i]}"
# echo "arg $i : $a"
case "$a" in
-a)
i=$(( $i + 1 ));
project="${in_args[$i]}";;
-h)
mkvirtualenv_help;
return;;
-i)
i=$(( $i + 1 ));
packages="$packages ${in_args[$i]}";;
-r)
i=$(( $i + 1 ));
requirements="${in_args[$i]}";;
*)
if [ ${#out_args} -gt 0 ]
then
out_args=( "${out_args[@]-}" "$a" )
else
out_args=( "$a" )
fi;;
esac
i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done
set -- "${out_args[@]}"
eval "envname=\$$#"
virtualenvwrapper_verify_workon_home || return 1
virtualenvwrapper_verify_virtualenv || return 1
(
[ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ] && setopt SH_WORD_SPLIT
\cd "$WORKON_HOME" &&
"$VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV" $VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV_ARGS "$@" &&
[ -d "$WORKON_HOME/$envname" ] && \
virtualenvwrapper_run_hook "pre_mkvirtualenv" "$envname"
)
typeset RC=$?
[ $RC -ne 0 ] && return $RC
# If they passed a help option or got an error from virtualenv,
# the environment won't exist. Use that to tell whether
# we should switch to the environment and run the hook.
[ ! -d "$WORKON_HOME/$envname" ] && return 0
# If they gave us a project directory, set it up now
# so the activate hooks can find it.
if [ ! -z "$project" ]
then
setvirtualenvproject "$WORKON_HOME/$envname" "$project"
fi
# Now activate the new environment
workon "$envname"
if [ ! -z "$requirements" ]
then
pip install -r "$requirements"
fi
for a in $packages
do
pip install $a
done
virtualenvwrapper_run_hook "post_mkvirtualenv"
}
这是我还不明白的地方 - 我似乎virtualenv
在这个 bash 函数中没有看到任何直接引用。那么这个 bash 函数究竟是如何mkvirtualenv
将参数从命令行(例如mkvirtualenv -p python2.7 --no-site-packages mynewproject
)传递给 pythonvirtualenv
程序的呢?