我在 Java 中使用 Runtime.getRuntime().exec() 命令来启动一个批处理文件，该批处理文件又为 Windows 平台启动另一个进程。
javaw.exe(Process1)
|___xyz.bat(Process2)
|___javaw.exe(Process3)
Runtime.getRuntime().exec() 返回一个 Process 对象，它有一个 destroy 方法，但是当我使用 destroy() 时，它只杀死 xyz.bat 并使批处理文件的子进程悬空。
Java中是否有一种干净的方法来破坏以批处理为根的进程树？
*我不能使用任何自定义库\摆脱批处理文件来绕过问题
使用标准 Java API 无法做到这一点（请参阅文章末尾的编辑以获取更改此内容的更新）。您将需要一些不同种类的本机代码。使用 JNA，我使用了如下代码：
public class Win32Process
{
WinNT.HANDLE handle;
int pid;
Win32Process (int pid) throws IOException
{
handle = Kernel32.INSTANCE.OpenProcess (
0x0400| /* PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION */
0x0800| /* PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME */
0x0001| /* PROCESS_TERMINATE */
0x00100000 /* SYNCHRONIZE */,
false,
pid);
if (handle == null)
throw new IOException ("OpenProcess failed: " +
Kernel32Util.formatMessageFromLastErrorCode (Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetLastError ()));
this.pid = pid;
}
@Override
protected void finalize () throws Throwable
{
Kernel32.INSTANCE.CloseHandle (handle);
}
public void terminate ()
{
Kernel32.INSTANCE.TerminateProcess (handle, 0);
}
public List<Win32Process> getChildren () throws IOException
{
ArrayList<Win32Process> result = new ArrayList<Win32Process> ();
WinNT.HANDLE hSnap = KernelExtra.INSTANCE.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot (KernelExtra.TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, new DWORD(0));
KernelExtra.PROCESSENTRY32.ByReference ent = new KernelExtra.PROCESSENTRY32.ByReference ();
if (!KernelExtra.INSTANCE.Process32First (hSnap, ent)) return result;
do {
if (ent.th32ParentProcessID.intValue () == pid) result.add (new Win32Process (ent.th32ProcessID.intValue ()));
} while (KernelExtra.INSTANCE.Process32Next (hSnap, ent));
Kernel32.INSTANCE.CloseHandle (hSnap);
return result;
}
}
此代码使用标准 JNA 库中未包含的以下 JNA 声明：
public interface KernelExtra extends StdCallLibrary {
/**
* Includes all heaps of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot. To enumerate the heaps, see
* Heap32ListFirst.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST = new WinDef.DWORD(0x00000001);
/**
* Includes all processes in the system in the snapshot. To enumerate the processes, see Process32First.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS = new WinDef.DWORD(0x00000002);
/**
* Includes all threads in the system in the snapshot. To enumerate the threads, see Thread32First.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD = new WinDef.DWORD(0x00000004);
/**
* Includes all modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot. To enumerate the modules, see
* Module32First. If the function fails with ERROR_BAD_LENGTH, retry the function until it succeeds.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPMODULE = new WinDef.DWORD(0x00000008);
/**
* Includes all 32-bit modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot when called from a 64-bit
* process. This flag can be combined with TH32CS_SNAPMODULE or TH32CS_SNAPALL. If the function fails with
* ERROR_BAD_LENGTH, retry the function until it succeeds.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPMODULE32 = new WinDef.DWORD(0x00000010);
/**
* Includes all processes and threads in the system, plus the heaps and modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_SNAPALL = new WinDef.DWORD((TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST.intValue() |
TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS.intValue() | TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD.intValue() | TH32CS_SNAPMODULE.intValue()));
/**
* Indicates that the snapshot handle is to be inheritable.
*/
WinDef.DWORD TH32CS_INHERIT = new WinDef.DWORD(0x80000000);
/**
* Describes an entry from a list of the processes residing in the system address space when a snapshot was taken.
*/
public static class PROCESSENTRY32 extends Structure {
public static class ByReference extends PROCESSENTRY32 implements Structure.ByReference {
public ByReference() {
}
public ByReference(Pointer memory) {
super(memory);
}
}
public PROCESSENTRY32() {
dwSize = new WinDef.DWORD(size());
}
public PROCESSENTRY32(Pointer memory) {
useMemory(memory);
read();
}
/**
* The size of the structure, in bytes. Before calling the Process32First function, set this member to
* sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32). If you do not initialize dwSize, Process32First fails.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD dwSize;
/**
* This member is no longer used and is always set to zero.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD cntUsage;
/**
* The process identifier.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD th32ProcessID;
/**
* This member is no longer used and is always set to zero.
*/
public BaseTSD.ULONG_PTR th32DefaultHeapID;
/**
* This member is no longer used and is always set to zero.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD th32ModuleID;
/**
* The number of execution threads started by the process.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD cntThreads;
/**
* The identifier of the process that created this process (its parent process).
*/
public WinDef.DWORD th32ParentProcessID;
/**
* The base priority of any threads created by this process.
*/
public WinDef.LONG pcPriClassBase;
/**
* This member is no longer used, and is always set to zero.
*/
public WinDef.DWORD dwFlags;
/**
* The name of the executable file for the process. To retrieve the full path to the executable file, call the
* Module32First function and check the szExePath member of the MODULEENTRY32 structure that is returned.
* However, if the calling process is a 32-bit process, you must call the QueryFullProcessImageName function to
* retrieve the full path of the executable file for a 64-bit process.
*/
public char[] szExeFile = new char[WinDef.MAX_PATH];
}
// the following methods are in kernel32.dll, but not declared there in the current version of Kernel32:
/**
* Takes a snapshot of the specified processes, as well as the heaps, modules, and threads used by these processes.
*
* @param dwFlags
* The portions of the system to be included in the snapshot.
*
* @param th32ProcessID
* The process identifier of the process to be included in the snapshot. This parameter can be zero to indicate
* the current process. This parameter is used when the TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST, TH32CS_SNAPMODULE,
* TH32CS_SNAPMODULE32, or TH32CS_SNAPALL value is specified. Otherwise, it is ignored and all processes are
* included in the snapshot.
*
* If the specified process is the Idle process or one of the CSRSS processes, this function fails and the last
* error code is ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED because their access restrictions prevent user-level code from opening them.
*
* If the specified process is a 64-bit process and the caller is a 32-bit process, this function fails and the
* last error code is ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY (299).
*
* @return
* If the function succeeds, it returns an open handle to the specified snapshot.
*
* If the function fails, it returns INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
* Possible error codes include ERROR_BAD_LENGTH.
*/
public WinNT.HANDLE CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(WinDef.DWORD dwFlags, WinDef.DWORD th32ProcessID);
/**
* Retrieves information about the first process encountered in a system snapshot.
*
* @param hSnapshot A handle to the snapshot returned from a previous call to the CreateToolhelp32Snapshot function.
* @param lppe A pointer to a PROCESSENTRY32 structure. It contains process information such as the name of the
* executable file, the process identifier, and the process identifier of the parent process.
* @return
* Returns TRUE if the first entry of the process list has been copied to the buffer or FALSE otherwise. The
* ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES error value is returned by the GetLastError function if no processes exist or the snapshot
* does not contain process information.
*/
public boolean Process32First(WinNT.HANDLE hSnapshot, KernelExtra.PROCESSENTRY32.ByReference lppe);
/**
* Retrieves information about the next process recorded in a system snapshot.
*
* @param hSnapshot A handle to the snapshot returned from a previous call to the CreateToolhelp32Snapshot function.
* @param lppe A pointer to a PROCESSENTRY32 structure.
* @return
* Returns TRUE if the next entry of the process list has been copied to the buffer or FALSE otherwise. The
* ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES error value is returned by the GetLastError function if no processes exist or the snapshot
* does not contain process information.
*/
public boolean Process32Next(WinNT.HANDLE hSnapshot, KernelExtra.PROCESSENTRY32.ByReference lppe);
}
然后，您可以使用“getChildren()”方法获取子列表，终止父节点，然后递归终止子节点。
我相信您可以使用反射来增加 java.lang.Process 的 PID（但是，我没有这样做；我转而使用 Win32 API 自己创建进程，以便我可以更好地控制它）。
所以把它放在一起，你需要这样的东西：
int pid = (some code to extract PID from the process you want to kill);
Win32Process process = new Win32Process(pid);
kill(process);
public void kill(Win32Process target) throws IOException
{
List<Win32Process> children = target.getChildren ();
target.terminateProcess ();
for (Win32Process child : children) kill(child);
}
事实证明，Java API 的这个特殊缺点正在 Java 9 中得到修复。请参阅此处的 Java 9 文档预览（如果未加载正确的页面，则需要查看java.lang.ProcessHandle界面）。对于上述问题的要求，代码现在看起来像这样：
Process child = ...;
kill (child.toHandle());
public void kill (ProcessHandle handle)
{
handle.descendants().forEach((child) -> kill(child));
handle.destroy();
}
（请注意，这未经测试 - 我还没有切换到 Java 9，但我正在积极阅读它）
如果您控制子进程和批处理文件，另一种解决方案是让子进程创建一个线程，打开一个 ServerSocket，监听到它的连接，如果它收到一个调用 System.exit()正确的密码就可以了。
如果您需要多个同时实例，可能会出现并发症；那时，您将需要某种方式为它们分配端口号。
您无法使用适用于 Java 8 或更低版本的标准 Java API 来做到这一点。
如果你有 Java 9 或更高版本，你可以使用ProcessHandle
在 Java 中taskkill与/tand/f标志和Runtime.getRuntime().exec()or类一起使用。ProcessBuilder
/f --> 强制杀死 /t --> 杀死该进程生成的所有子进程。
ProcessBuilder pb1 = new ProcessBuilder("cmd.exe","/c","taskkill /f /t /pid "+p.pid());
Process p1 = pb1.start();
我曾在我的 Java 代码中使用流程构建器来完成它。
我已经复制了问题陈述。这是一个示例批处理文件，它Powershell在 windows 中启动另一个进程以每秒打印从 1 到 20 的计数器，这是子进程：
@echo off
echo starting
powershell -command " for ($count=1;$count -le 20;$count++) { Start-Sleep 1; Write-Output $count }"
echo success
ps：您需要将 InputStream 重定向到 stdout 以获得终端上的输出。
使用对象destroy()方法process只会杀死该进程，而不是子/孙进程。
您可以tasklist在终端上运行并定位powershell.exe以比较运行 java 程序之前和之后的子进程，以查看仍在运行的子进程。
要与父进程一起杀死子进程，请使用ProcessBuilder以下p方式启动一个新进程，您要删除的进程在哪里：
ProcessBuilder pb1 = new ProcessBuilder("cmd.exe","/c","taskkill /f /t /pid "+p.pid());
Process p1 = pb1.start();
您不能使用 JDK 杀死 Windows 的进程树。您需要依赖 WinAPI。您将不得不求助于本机命令或 JNI 库，所有这些都依赖于平台并且比纯 Java 解决方案更复杂。
示例链接JNI 示例
这是另一种选择。使用这个 powershell 脚本来执行你的 bat 脚本。当你想杀死树时，终止你的 powershell 脚本的进程，它会自动在它的子进程上执行 taskkill。我让它调用 taskkill 两次，因为在某些情况下它不会在第一次尝试时进行。
Param(
[string]$path
)
$p = [Diagnostics.Process]::Start("$path").Id
try {
while($true) {
sleep 100000
}
} finally {
taskkill /pid $p
taskkill /pid $p
}
使用 java 9，杀死主进程会杀死整个进程树。你可以这样做：
Process ptree = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd.exe","/c","xyz.bat");
// wait logic
ptree.destroy();
请查看此博客并查看处理流程树示例。