谢谢大家。我找到了一个 Json Web Token 的基本实现，并用 Google 风格对其进行了扩展。我还没有完全解决它，但它已经完成了 97%。这个项目失去了动力，所以希望这将帮助其他人获得良好的开端：
注意：我对基本实现所做的更改（不记得我在哪里找到的）是：
- 更改 HS256 -> RS256
- 交换了标头中的 JWT 和 alg 顺序。不确定是谁弄错了，谷歌还是规范，但谷歌按照他们的文档采用了如下方式。
public enum JwtHashAlgorithm
{
RS256,
HS384,
HS512
}
public class JsonWebToken
{
private static Dictionary<JwtHashAlgorithm, Func<byte[], byte[], byte[]>> HashAlgorithms;
static JsonWebToken()
{
HashAlgorithms = new Dictionary<JwtHashAlgorithm, Func<byte[], byte[], byte[]>>
{
{ JwtHashAlgorithm.RS256, (key, value) => { using (var sha = new HMACSHA256(key)) { return sha.ComputeHash(value); } } },
{ JwtHashAlgorithm.HS384, (key, value) => { using (var sha = new HMACSHA384(key)) { return sha.ComputeHash(value); } } },
{ JwtHashAlgorithm.HS512, (key, value) => { using (var sha = new HMACSHA512(key)) { return sha.ComputeHash(value); } } }
};
}
public static string Encode(object payload, string key, JwtHashAlgorithm algorithm)
{
return Encode(payload, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key), algorithm);
}
public static string Encode(object payload, byte[] keyBytes, JwtHashAlgorithm algorithm)
{
var segments = new List<string>();
var header = new { alg = algorithm.ToString(), typ = "JWT" };
byte[] headerBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(header, Formatting.None));
byte[] payloadBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(payload, Formatting.None));
//byte[] payloadBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(@"{"iss":"761326798069-r5mljlln1rd4lrbhg75efgigp36m78j5@developer.gserviceaccount.com","scope":"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/prediction","aud":"https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token","exp":1328554385,"iat":1328550785}");
segments.Add(Base64UrlEncode(headerBytes));
segments.Add(Base64UrlEncode(payloadBytes));
var stringToSign = string.Join(".", segments.ToArray());
var bytesToSign = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringToSign);
byte[] signature = HashAlgorithms[algorithm](keyBytes, bytesToSign);
segments.Add(Base64UrlEncode(signature));
return string.Join(".", segments.ToArray());
}
public static string Decode(string token, string key)
{
return Decode(token, key, true);
}
public static string Decode(string token, string key, bool verify)
{
var parts = token.Split('.');
var header = parts[0];
var payload = parts[1];
byte[] crypto = Base64UrlDecode(parts[2]);
var headerJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64UrlDecode(header));
var headerData = JObject.Parse(headerJson);
var payloadJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64UrlDecode(payload));
var payloadData = JObject.Parse(payloadJson);
if (verify)
{
var bytesToSign = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Concat(header, ".", payload));
var keyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
var algorithm = (string)headerData["alg"];
var signature = HashAlgorithms[GetHashAlgorithm(algorithm)](keyBytes, bytesToSign);
var decodedCrypto = Convert.ToBase64String(crypto);
var decodedSignature = Convert.ToBase64String(signature);
if (decodedCrypto != decodedSignature)
{
throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("Invalid signature. Expected {0} got {1}", decodedCrypto, decodedSignature));
}
}
return payloadData.ToString();
}
private static JwtHashAlgorithm GetHashAlgorithm(string algorithm)
{
switch (algorithm)
{
case "RS256": return JwtHashAlgorithm.RS256;
case "HS384": return JwtHashAlgorithm.HS384;
case "HS512": return JwtHashAlgorithm.HS512;
default: throw new InvalidOperationException("Algorithm not supported.");
}
}
// from JWT spec
private static string Base64UrlEncode(byte[] input)
{
var output = Convert.ToBase64String(input);
output = output.Split('=')[0]; // Remove any trailing '='s
output = output.Replace('+', '-'); // 62nd char of encoding
output = output.Replace('/', '_'); // 63rd char of encoding
return output;
}
// from JWT spec
private static byte[] Base64UrlDecode(string input)
{
var output = input;
output = output.Replace('-', '+'); // 62nd char of encoding
output = output.Replace('_', '/'); // 63rd char of encoding
switch (output.Length % 4) // Pad with trailing '='s
{
case 0: break; // No pad chars in this case
case 2: output += "=="; break; // Two pad chars
case 3: output += "="; break; // One pad char
default: throw new System.Exception("Illegal base64url string!");
}
var converted = Convert.FromBase64String(output); // Standard base64 decoder
return converted;
}
}
然后是我的谷歌特定 JWT 类：
public class GoogleJsonWebToken
{
public static string Encode(string email, string certificateFilePath)
{
var utc0 = new DateTime(1970,1,1,0,0,0,0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
var issueTime = DateTime.Now;
var iat = (int)issueTime.Subtract(utc0).TotalSeconds;
var exp = (int)issueTime.AddMinutes(55).Subtract(utc0).TotalSeconds; // Expiration time is up to 1 hour, but lets play on safe side
var payload = new
{
iss = email,
scope = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gan.readonly",
aud = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token",
exp = exp,
iat = iat
};
var certificate = new X509Certificate2(certificateFilePath, "notasecret");
var privateKey = certificate.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
return JsonWebToken.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwtHashAlgorithm.RS256);
}
}
在最初的问题之后几个月过去了，现在值得指出的是，微软已经设计了自己的解决方案。请参阅http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vbertocci/archive/2012/11/20/introducing-the-developer-preview-of-the-json-web-token-handler-for-the-microsoft-net -framework-4-5.aspx了解详细信息。
我从未使用过它，但 NuGet 上有一个 JWT 实现。
包：https ://nuget.org/packages/JWT
来源：https ://github.com/johnsheehan/jwt
.NET 4.0 兼容：https ://www.nuget.org/packages/jose-jwt/
你也可以去这里：https ://jwt.io/并点击“libraries”。
这是一个工作示例：
http://zavitax.wordpress.com/2012/12/17/logging-in-with-google-service-account-in-c-jwt/
收集散落在网络上的碎片花了相当长的时间，文档相当不完整......
这是我在 .NET 中实现 (Google) JWT 验证。它基于 Stack Overflow 和 GitHub gists 上的其他实现。
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace QuapiNet.Service
{
public class JwtTokenValidation
{
public async Task<Dictionary<string, X509Certificate2>> FetchGoogleCertificates()
{
using (var http = new HttpClient())
{
var response = await http.GetAsync("https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs");
var dictionary = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Dictionary<string, string>>();
return dictionary.ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => new X509Certificate2(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(x.Value)));
}
}
private string CLIENT_ID = "xxx.apps.googleusercontent.com";
public async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> ValidateToken(string idToken)
{
var certificates = await this.FetchGoogleCertificates();
TokenValidationParameters tvp = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
ValidateActor = false, // check the profile ID
ValidateAudience = true, // check the client ID
ValidAudience = CLIENT_ID,
ValidateIssuer = true, // check token came from Google
ValidIssuers = new List<string> { "accounts.google.com", "https://accounts.google.com" },
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
RequireSignedTokens = true,
IssuerSigningKeys = certificates.Values.Select(x => new X509SecurityKey(x)),
IssuerSigningKeyResolver = (token, securityToken, kid, validationParameters) =>
{
return certificates
.Where(x => x.Key.ToUpper() == kid.ToUpper())
.Select(x => new X509SecurityKey(x.Value));
},
ValidateLifetime = true,
RequireExpirationTime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromHours(13)
};
JwtSecurityTokenHandler jsth = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
SecurityToken validatedToken;
ClaimsPrincipal cp = jsth.ValidateToken(idToken, tvp, out validatedToken);
return cp;
}
}
}
请注意，为了使用它，您需要添加对 NuGet 包的引用System.Net.Http.Formatting.Extension。没有这个，编译器将无法识别该ReadAsAsync<>方法。
最好使用标准和著名的库，而不是从头开始编写代码。
使用这些库，您可以生成 JWT 令牌并使用 RS256 对其进行签名，如下所示。
public string GenerateJWTToken(string rsaPrivateKey)
{
var rsaParams = GetRsaParameters(rsaPrivateKey);
var encoder = GetRS256JWTEncoder(rsaParams);
// create the payload according to the Google's doc
var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{ "iss", ""},
{ "sub", "" },
// and other key-values according to the doc
};
// add headers. 'alg' and 'typ' key-values are added automatically.
var header = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{ "kid", "{your_private_key_id}" },
};
var token = encoder.Encode(header,payload, new byte[0]);
return token;
}
private static IJwtEncoder GetRS256JWTEncoder(RSAParameters rsaParams)
{
var csp = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
csp.ImportParameters(rsaParams);
var algorithm = new RS256Algorithm(csp, csp);
var serializer = new JsonNetSerializer();
var urlEncoder = new JwtBase64UrlEncoder();
var encoder = new JwtEncoder(algorithm, serializer, urlEncoder);
return encoder;
}
private static RSAParameters GetRsaParameters(string rsaPrivateKey)
{
var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(rsaPrivateKey);
using (var ms = new MemoryStream(byteArray))
{
using (var sr = new StreamReader(ms))
{
// use Bouncy Castle to convert the private key to RSA parameters
var pemReader = new PemReader(sr);
var keyPair = pemReader.ReadObject() as AsymmetricCipherKeyPair;
return DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(keyPair.Private as RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters);
}
}
}
ps：RSA 私钥的格式如下：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
{base64 formatted value}
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
这是另一个仅 REST 的工作示例，用于访问G Suite用户和组的 Google 服务帐户，通过JWT进行身份验证。这只能通过 Google 库的反射来实现，因为这些 API 的 Google 文档非常糟糕。任何使用 MS 技术编码的人都很难弄清楚 Google 服务中的所有内容是如何组合在一起的。
$iss = "<name>@<serviceaccount>.iam.gserviceaccount.com"; # The email address of the service account.
$sub = "impersonate.user@mydomain.com"; # The user to impersonate (required).
$scope = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/admin.directory.user.readonly https://www.googleapis.com/auth/admin.directory.group.readonly";
$certPath = "D:\temp\mycertificate.p12";
$grantType = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer";
# Auxiliary functions
function UrlSafeEncode([String] $Data) {
return $Data.Replace("=", [String]::Empty).Replace("+", "-").Replace("/", "_");
}
function UrlSafeBase64Encode ([String] $Data) {
return (UrlSafeEncode -Data ([Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($Data))));
}
function KeyFromCertificate([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2] $Certificate) {
$privateKeyBlob = $Certificate.PrivateKey.ExportCspBlob($true);
$key = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider;
$key.ImportCspBlob($privateKeyBlob);
return $key;
}
function CreateSignature ([Byte[]] $Data, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2] $Certificate) {
$sha256 = [System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create();
$key = (KeyFromCertificate $Certificate);
$assertionHash = $sha256.ComputeHash($Data);
$sig = [Convert]::ToBase64String($key.SignHash($assertionHash, "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1"));
$sha256.Dispose();
return $sig;
}
function CreateAssertionFromPayload ([String] $Payload, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2] $Certificate) {
$header = @"
{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}
"@;
$assertion = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder;
$assertion.Append((UrlSafeBase64Encode $header)).Append(".").Append((UrlSafeBase64Encode $Payload)) | Out-Null;
$signature = (CreateSignature -Data ([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes($assertion.ToString())) -Certificate $Certificate);
$assertion.Append(".").Append((UrlSafeEncode $signature)) | Out-Null;
return $assertion.ToString();
}
$baseDateTime = New-Object DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, [DateTimeKind]::Utc);
$timeInSeconds = [Math]::Truncate([DateTime]::UtcNow.Subtract($baseDateTime).TotalSeconds);
$jwtClaimSet = @"
{"scope":"$scope","email_verified":false,"iss":"$iss","sub":"$sub","aud":"https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token","exp":$($timeInSeconds + 3600),"iat":$timeInSeconds}
"@;
$cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2($certPath, "notasecret", [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::Exportable);
$jwt = CreateAssertionFromPayload -Payload $jwtClaimSet -Certificate $cert;
# Retrieve the authorization token.
$authRes = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token" -Method Post -ContentType "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -UseBasicParsing -Body @"
assertion=$jwt&grant_type=$([Uri]::EscapeDataString($grantType))
"@;
$authInfo = ConvertFrom-Json -InputObject $authRes.Content;
$resUsers = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://www.googleapis.com/admin/directory/v1/users?domain=<required_domain_name_dont_trust_google_documentation_on_this>" -Method Get -Headers @{
"Authorization" = "$($authInfo.token_type) $($authInfo.access_token)"
}
$users = ConvertFrom-Json -InputObject $resUsers.Content;
$users.users | ft primaryEmail, isAdmin, suspended;
以下是类和函数的列表：
open System
open System.Collections.Generic
open System.Linq
open System.Threading.Tasks
open Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
open Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
open Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization
open Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication
open Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
open Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
open System.IdentityModel.Tokens
open System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt
open Microsoft.IdentityModel.JsonWebTokens
open System.Text
open Newtonsoft.Json
open System.Security.Claims
let theKey = "VerySecretKeyVerySecretKeyVerySecretKey"
let securityKey = SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(theKey))
let credentials = SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSsaPssSha256)
let expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(123.0) |> Nullable
let token = JwtSecurityToken(
"lahoda-pro-issuer",
"lahoda-pro-audience",
claims = null,
expires = expires,
signingCredentials = credentials
)
let tokenString = JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token)