module MyModule
def self.my_method
@instance_variable ||= "some string"
end
end
考虑另一个OtherModule
包含MyModule
. 当多次OtherModule
调用中的代码my_method
将@instance_variable
被多次实例化?还是只有一次?
module MyModule
def self.my_method
@instance_variable ||= "some string"
end
end
考虑另一个OtherModule
包含MyModule
. 当多次OtherModule
调用中的代码my_method
将@instance_variable
被多次实例化?还是只有一次?
更新答案:
如果你想在一个模块中定义“类方法”,你不能定义self.xx
然后简单地扩展/包含它。您应该“扩展”它,或“将其包含到本征类中”,例如
module SomeModule
def self.aim_to_be_class_method ; end;
def aim_to_be_instance_method ; end;
end
# class methods: []
# instance methods: ["aim_to_be_instance_method"]
class SomeClassIncludingTheModule
include SomeModule
end
# class methods: ["aim_to_be_instance_method"]
# instance methods: []
class SomeClassExtendingTheModule
extend SomeModule
end
# class methods: ["aim_to_be_instance_method"]
# instance methods: []
class SomeClassMadeEigenClassIncludingModule
class << self
include SomeModule
end
end
您的代码是“类实例变量”的示例。根据书<< metaprogramming ruby>>,第127页,您可以将“类实例变量”视为Java的静态字段。所以,我认为大多数情况下,它应该运行一次。
有关更多详细信息,请编写单元测试,看看会发生什么?不久后,我将使用我自己编写的单元测试代码更新我的答案。
更新:我的单元测试和结果:
# all of the code is placed in a file: class_instance_variable_test.rb
# define a class so that we see its initialize process
class Apple
def initialize
puts "Apple initialized~"
end
end
# define an original_module that calls Apple.new
module OriginalModule
def self.original_method
@var ||= Apple.new
end
end
# define another module to call the original_module
module DelegateModule
include OriginalModule
end
# now the test begins
require 'test/unit'
class ClassInstanceTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
# output of this test case:
# NoMethodError: undefined method `original_method' for DelegateModule:Module
def test_if_delegate_module_could_call_original_method_by_including_original_module
DelegateModule.original_method
end
# output of this test case:
# ----- calling from original_method, 3 times called, how many times initialized?
# Apple initialized~
# ------ ends
def test_if_we_could_call_original_method_from_original_module
puts "----- calling from original_method, 3 times called, how many times initialized? "
OriginalModule.original_method
OriginalModule.original_method
OriginalModule.original_method
puts "------ ends "
end
end