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我有一个关于使用直接 Win32 进行 GUI 编程的抽象问题。由于我之前唯一的 GUI 经验是在 Java 中使用 Swing，因此我习惯于拥有一个布局管理器，该管理器会在调整窗口大小时自动调整按钮和内容的大小/重新定位。Win32 API 中是否内置了类似的东西，或者是否必须在每次重绘时使用绝对位置手动重新计算大小和位置？我认为这实际上是实现它的方法，因为我没有偶然发现任何看起来像 MSDN 文档中的布局管理的东西，但因为那些（在我看来）有点迷宫，我可能错过了它。

谢谢你的帮助！

4

3 回答 3

5

You need to take a look at ATL (shipped with Visual C++), and correspondingly, WTL (not shipped, need to download).

They compile almost completely to "straight Win32", while providing a nice C++ wrapper around them. They are very lightweight (almost no weight, actually -- it's direct Win32 for 99% of the calls), and yet WTL is designed to mimic MFC's features, so it's still pretty featureful.

You need to be semi-good with C++, though.

The easiest way is to use CDialogResize<CYourDialog> in something like

// Put ATL includes before here..
#include <atlcrack.h>  // Include this from WTL for message map
#include <atlframe.h>  // Include this from WTL for CDialogResize

class CYourDialog : CDialogImpl<CYourDialog>, CDialogResize<CYourDialog>
{
    BOOL OnInitDialog(CWindow wndFocus, LPARAM lInitParam)
    {
        this->DlgResize_Init();                     // Initialize the positions
    }

    BEGIN_MSG_MAP_EX(CYourDialog)  // Learn about message maps if you haven't
        MSG_WM_INITDIALOG(OnInitDialog)
        CHAIN_MSG_MAP(CDialogResize<CYourDialog>)   // Chain to the parent
    END_MSG_MAP()

    BEGIN_DLGRESIZE_MAP(CYourDialog)
        DLGRESIZE_CONTROL(IDOK, DLSZ_MOVE_Y)        // Layout for "OK" button
    END_DLGRESIZE_MAP()
};

DLGRESIZE_CONTROL() is the heart of the layout -- DLSZ_MOVE_Y, for example, says that you want to move IDOK vertically. You can also group them, but it gets tricky (sometimes I don't understand what's going on either)... but once you get it right, it's actually not that bad. :)

Here's a self-contained example:

#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")

#include <atlbase.h>
extern CComModule _Module;
#include <atlapp.h>
#include <atlcrack.h>
#include <atlwin.h>
#include <atlframe.h>
#include "resource.h"

class CMyDialog : public CDialogImpl<CMyDialog>, CDialogResize<CMyDialog>
{
public:
    enum { IDD = IDD_DIALOG1 };

private:
    BOOL OnInitDialog(CWindow wndFocus, LPARAM)
    {
        this->DlgResize_Init();
        return TRUE;
    }

    void OnOK(UINT, int, HWND) { this->EndDialog(ERROR_SUCCESS); }
    void OnCancel(UINT, int, HWND) { this->EndDialog(ERROR_CANCELLED); }

    BEGIN_MSG_MAP_EX(CMyDialog)
        MSG_WM_INITDIALOG(OnInitDialog)
        COMMAND_HANDLER_EX(IDOK, BN_CLICKED, OnOK)
        COMMAND_HANDLER_EX(IDCANCEL, BN_CLICKED, OnCancel)
        CHAIN_MSG_MAP(CDialogResize<CMyDialog>)
    END_MSG_MAP()

    BEGIN_DLGRESIZE_MAP(CMyDialog)
        DLGRESIZE_CONTROL(IDOK, DLSZ_MOVE_X | DLSZ_MOVE_Y)
        DLGRESIZE_CONTROL(IDCANCEL, DLSZ_MOVE_X | DLSZ_MOVE_Y)
    END_DLGRESIZE_MAP()
};

CComModule _Module;

int WINAPI _tWinMain(
    HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hInstPrevious,
    LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    _Module.Init(NULL, hInstance);
    {
        CMyDialog dialog;
        dialog.DoModal();
    }
    _Module.Term();
}

To compile it, you also need a file named resource.h with the following contents in the same project folder:

#define IDD_DIALOG1                     101
#define IDR_RT_MANIFEST1                103

And a file named Sample.rc added to the project, which can be edited with Visual Studio and which contains the dialog layout:

#include "resource.h"

#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
#include "afxres.h"
#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
#if !defined(AFX_RESOURCE_DLL) || defined(AFX_TARG_ENU)
#ifdef _WIN32
LANGUAGE LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US
#pragma code_page(1252)
#endif
#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
1 TEXTINCLUDE 
BEGIN
    "resource.h\0"
END

2 TEXTINCLUDE 
BEGIN
    "#include ""afxres.h""\r\n"
    "\0"
END

3 TEXTINCLUDE 
BEGIN
    "\r\n"
    "\0"
END
#endif
IDD_DIALOG1 DIALOGEX 0, 0, 316, 180
STYLE DS_SETFONT | DS_FIXEDSYS | DS_CENTER | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_POPUP | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME
EXSTYLE WS_EX_APPWINDOW
CAPTION "Dialog"
FONT 8, "MS Shell Dlg", 400, 0, 0x1
BEGIN
    DEFPUSHBUTTON   "OK",IDOK,205,159,50,14
    PUSHBUTTON      "Cancel",IDCANCEL,259,159,50,14
END
#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
GUIDELINES DESIGNINFO 
BEGIN
    IDD_DIALOG1, DIALOG
    BEGIN
        LEFTMARGIN, 7
        RIGHTMARGIN, 309
        TOPMARGIN, 7
        BOTTOMMARGIN, 173
    END
END
#endif
#endif
#ifndef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
#endif
于 2012-04-04T03:13:58.063 回答
4

不，Win32 API 不包含调整控件大小和重新定位控件的代码。您必须自己编写或使用库。Microsoft 在 Visual Studio 和 MFC（围绕 API 的 C++ 包装器）中提供了资源编辑器，但它们都不能解决您的实际问题（自动调整大小和重新定位）。我使用了 wxWidgets，它比 MFC 更加连贯（在我看来），并且有一个称为“sizers”的概念，它确实解决了调整大小和重新定位的问题。

于 2012-04-04T03:09:41.740 回答
1

您可能需要查看MFC，它是 win32 的包装器，它将隐藏 GUI 设计中的大部分困难部分。它将为您提供一个资源编辑器，您可以在其中以所见即所得的形式创建和定位控件。

于 2012-04-04T02:59:37.820 回答