c# - 可以判断 HOSTS 文件是否正在回答 DNS 查询？

Question

目前在我们的 WinForms 应用程序中使用该Dns.GetHostEntry方法，我发现有些人试图绕过我们的“复制保护”，通过更改 HOSTS 文件中的 IP 地址（即他们输入“example.org 127.0.0.1 " 重定向我们的 example.org 域）。

现在我问自己是否能够以某种方式检测查找到的 IP 地址是来自 HOSTS 文件还是来自“真正的”DNS 服务器。

当然，我可能正在自己阅读和解析 HOSTS 文件，但也许有更好的方法？

Answer 1

您可以使用 p/invoke传递给的Dns 查询选项允许一个参数。DnsQueryDNS_QUERY_NO_HOSTS_FILE

这是一个示例，部分归功于DnsQuery 上的 pinvoke.net 资源。请注意，这仅处理 A 记录类型，您需要定义其他可能的DnsData 结构来处理其他响应类型。

public static class DnsFuncs
{
    [DllImport("dnsapi", EntryPoint = "DnsQuery_W", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]
    private static extern int DnsQuery(
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.VBByRefStr)]ref string pszName,
        QueryTypes wType,
        QueryOptions options,
        int aipServers,
        ref IntPtr ppQueryResults,
        int pReserved);

    [DllImport("dnsapi", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern void DnsRecordListFree(
        IntPtr pRecordList, 
        int FreeType);

    private enum QueryOptions
    {
        DNS_QUERY_ACCEPT_TRUNCATED_RESPONSE = 1,
        DNS_QUERY_BYPASS_CACHE = 8,
        DNS_QUERY_DONT_RESET_TTL_VALUES = 0x100000,
        DNS_QUERY_NO_HOSTS_FILE = 0x40,
        DNS_QUERY_NO_LOCAL_NAME = 0x20,
        DNS_QUERY_NO_NETBT = 0x80,
        DNS_QUERY_NO_RECURSION = 4,
        DNS_QUERY_NO_WIRE_QUERY = 0x10,
        DNS_QUERY_RESERVED = -16777216,
        DNS_QUERY_RETURN_MESSAGE = 0x200,
        DNS_QUERY_STANDARD = 0,
        DNS_QUERY_TREAT_AS_FQDN = 0x1000,
        DNS_QUERY_USE_TCP_ONLY = 2,
        DNS_QUERY_WIRE_ONLY = 0x100
    }

    private enum QueryTypes
    {
        DNS_TYPE_A = 1,
        DNS_TYPE_NS = 2,
        DNS_TYPE_CNAME = 5,
        DNS_TYPE_SOA = 6,
        DNS_TYPE_PTR = 12,
        DNS_TYPE_HINFO = 13,
        DNS_TYPE_MX = 15,
        DNS_TYPE_TXT = 16,
        DNS_TYPE_AAAA = 28
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct DNS_RECORD
    {
        public IntPtr pNext;
        public string pName;
        public short wType;
        public short wDataLength;
        public int flags;
        public int dwTtl;
        public int dwReserved;
        public DnsData DATA;
        public short wPreference;
        public short Pad;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct DnsData
    {
        public DNS_A_DATA A;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct DNS_A_DATA
    {
        public IP4_ADDRESS IpAddress;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct IP4_ADDRESS
    {
        public UInt32 Ip4Addr;
    }

    public static List<string> GetDnsRecords(string domain)
    {
        IntPtr ptr1 = IntPtr.Zero;
        IntPtr ptr2 = IntPtr.Zero;
        DNS_RECORD recDns;
        DNS_A_DATA recA;
        List<string> Results = new List<string>();

        int RtnVal = DnsQuery(
            ref domain,
            QueryTypes.DNS_TYPE_A,
            QueryOptions.DNS_QUERY_NO_HOSTS_FILE, 
            0, 
            ref ptr1, 
            0);

        if (RtnVal != 0)
        {
            throw new Win32Exception(RtnVal);
        }

        for (ptr2 = ptr1; !ptr2.Equals(IntPtr.Zero); ptr2 = recDns.pNext)
        {
            recDns = (DNS_RECORD)Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr2, typeof(DNS_RECORD));
            if (recDns.wType == 1)
            {
                recA = (DNS_A_DATA)recDns.DATA.A;
                string ip = ReverseIPAddr(recA.IpAddress.Ip4Addr);
                Results.Add(ip);
            }
        }

        DnsRecordListFree(ptr2, 0);

        return Results;
    }

    private static string ReverseIPAddr(UInt32 longIP)
    {
        IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(longIP.ToString());
        byte[] ipBytes = ip.GetAddressBytes();
        Array.Reverse(ipBytes);
        string ipAddress = new IPAddress(ipBytes).ToString();
        return ipAddress;
    }
}